Chapter 13:The High Middle Ages Section III: Organized Kingdoms Develop Big AL World History Period 6

A. England Main Idea: Conflicts arose in England as a result of the growth of royal power.

A. England Henry II, Common Law, and Conflicts with the Church ◦ King Henry II of England, who ruled from 1154 to 1189, became one of the most powerful European monarchs.(king and Queens) ◦ Henry II’s creation of jury systems, courts and other legal reforms contributed to the growth of English common law. ◦ One important feature of the common law system I was that people gave sworn(promised under oath) evidence in a legal trial.

A. England King John, The Magna Carta, and Parliament ◦ King John was the youngest son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine. ◦ In 1215, a group of English nobles forced John to sign the Magna Carta guaranteeing them certain basic rights. ◦ The 4 rights given to the nobles in the Magna Carta included protection under the law.

B. France Main Idea: The Capetian Dynasty in France succeeded in laying the foundations for a nation-state.

B. France The Capetians ◦ The election of Hugh Capet as king in 987 ended a long struggle among the descendants of Charlemagne. ◦ Starting out with a small region around Paris, Hugh Capet laid foundations of the French monarchy. ◦ Hugh Capet ruled for only nine years, but he was able to establish an important principle of succession: The bishops(church leader) agreed to make monarchy hereditary.(run in the family)

B. France The Hundred Years’ War ◦ In 1337, England invaded, Normandy in France, which caused the beginning of the Hundred Years' War. ◦ The war extended over the regions of five English and five French kings and lasted from 1337 to ◦ As a result of the war, France assumed much of the same territory that it occupies today as a nation.

C. The Holy Roman Empire and Spain Main Idea: Alliances and conflicts united and divided Europe, and Christians succeeded in regaining control of Spain from the Muslims.

C. The Holy Roman Empire and Spain The Holy Roman Empire ◦ Charlemagne’s Empire Continued in various forms for centuries after his death in ◦ In the 1200s, the Hapsburg family took over the empire. ◦ Nationalism was slower to develop in Germany and the Holy Roman Empire than in other parts of western Europe.

C. The Holy Roman Empire and Spain Christians Reconquer Spain ◦ The Muslims had conquered much of Spain in the early 700’s. ◦ The Christian states of Aragon and Castile in northern Spain began a determined effort to drive the Muslims out of that region. ◦ The expulsion of the Jews from Spain marked a victory for the Spanish Inquisition(a Roman Catholic Church court that enforced the Church’s teaching).