Chapter 1-2 Study Guide Social Studies 7 Burnette & Davis Fall 2013

ER 1 – Domestication Domestication is making plants and animals useful to humans Plants=year round food supply, surplus, eliminate the need to gather over long distances Animals=power supply, protection, and food supply Impact = allowed for people to settle Created a stable food supply

ER 2 – Impact Today Development of cities and towns Farmers raise livestock for meat and milk Farmers grow crops according to climate and season Development of farming technology over time (plows, harvesters, irrigation systems, hybrid foods, etc)

MC 1 - Historians Historians are interested in studying the knowledge, beliefs, and customs of people

MC 2 - Archaeologists Archaeologists are interested in things that people leave behind throughout history. Study sites such as ancient battle fields, settlements, and burial grounds.

MC 3 – What does history teach…? History teaches people about their past. History teaches people about how their government came into existence. History acknowledges triumphs and tragedies.

MC 4 - Culture Culture is the beliefs, customs, and art of a group of people

MC 5 – Primary Sources A primary source is an account of an event created by someone who took part in the event. Examples of primary sources are treaties, letters, diaries, laws, court documents, and royal commands

MC 6 – Secondary Source A secondary source is information gathered by someone who did not take part in or witness an event. Examples of secondary sources are textbooks, journal articles, and encyclopedias. These are often Historian’s opinions on events.

MC 7 – Historians Interpret Sometimes, historians interpret events differently because of they form different opinions about the primary sources they study.

MC 8 – Studying History Helps Studying history leads you to ask important questions. Studying history forces you to analyze facts. Studying history helps you identify main facts.

MC 9 – Early Man Early forms of man are known as HOMINIDS. These are the ancestors of modern man.

MC 10 – Stages of human development Homo habilis = “handy man” Homo erectus = “upright man” Homo sapiens = “wise man” All modern humans today are Homo sapiens.

MC 11 - Tools Tools helped early humans because they increased the chances for survival.

MC 12 – First skill… Early humans developed first the ability to make tools. Once they developed tools, many parts of their daily lives were made easier.

MC 13 - Society A society is a community of people who share a common culture.

MC 14 – Three reasons language developed Language was developed to make hunting easier. Language was developed to form new relationships. Language was developed to resolve issues like distributing food.

MC 15 – Tools of Middle Stone Age People developed more complex tools like fishing hooks and fishing spears out of wood and bone.

MC 16 – Which Stone Age… Religion? Historians and archaeologists believe that the first ideas of religion were developed in the OLD STONE AGE (or, the Paleolithic Era) from the Cave Art paintings.

MC 17 – Ice Ages Early humans were forced to move to new environments as the result of the Ice Age!!!

MC 18 – Three Stone Ages PALEOLITHIC (Old Stone Age) – simple stone tools used for cutting and scraping, cave paintings (art & religion), early language MESOLITHIC (Middle Stone Age) – animal skin clothing, shelters and more complex tools out of wood and bone NEOLITHIC (New Stone Age) -- domestication of plants and animals, settlement, learned how to make fire

MC 19 – Clothing & Shelter People needed better clothing and shelter as they migrated out of Africa because they needed more protection to survive in colder areas.

MC 20 – Neolithic Revolution The Neolithic Revolution is defined as the time in history where there was a shift from food gathering to food producing. People slowly stopped relying only on hunting and gathering for their food supply and began raising animals and crops.

MC 21 - Farming With the development of farming, people were able to create settlements and build permanent shelters

MC 22 – List the order of settlements 1.AFRICA 2.EUROPE & ASIA 3.AUSTRALIA 4.NORTH AMERICA 5.SOUTH AMERICA

MC 23 – Settlement of N. Amer A land bridge over the Bering Strait thousands of years ago aided in the settlement of North America. This land bridge connected Russia and Alaska.

MC 24 - Megaliths Megaliths are large stone monuments that historians believe were used during religious ceremonies and as monuments to early gods and goddesses during the Neolithic Era.