First Five 10/7 1.Why does water have a high specific heat? 2.Why is water able to have cohesion and adhesion? 3.How does our body protect against pH.

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First Five 10/7 1.Why does water have a high specific heat? 2.Why is water able to have cohesion and adhesion? 3.How does our body protect against pH changes? 4.Take out Atomic Super Notes Schedule 1.First Five 2.Carb Notes 3.Work on Prelab HW: Atomic Super Notes – Due today Study Guide 2.3, 2.4, 2.5 – Due Friday 10/10. GQ: How are Carbohydrates structured?

Buffers pH is regulated in organisms by a substance called buffers - Can bind to a H+ ion when the H+ concentration increases - Can release a H+ ion when the H+ concentration decreases Maintains homeostasis

Four main types of carbon-based molecules are found in living things. Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

Carbon-based molecules are made of many small subunits bonded together. –Monomers are the individual subunits. –Polymers are made of many monomers.

CARBOHYDRATES

Carbohydrates are nutrients used for energy and plant cell walls. They are made of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen. C, H, O

3 Molecular Structures 1. Monomer: one molecule of sugar Ex: glucose Ex: glucose (blood sugar) fructose (fruit sugar) glucose

2. Dimer: two molecules of sugar Ex: –Sucrose (glucose+fructose) is white sugar –Lactose in milk. fructoseglucose

3. Starches are many sugars bonded together Polymer: many molecules of sugar glucoseglucose glucoseglucose glucoseglucose glucoseglucose starch

First Five 10/8 1.In your own words, what is the difference between regular sugar and a starch? 2.In your own words, how are sugars and starches the same? Schedule 1.First Five 2.Finish Carb notes 3.Work on Prelab HW: Study Guide 2.3, 2.4, 2.5 – Due Friday. GQ: How are Carbohydrates structured?

Carbohydrates There are 4 Types.

1. Simple Sugars Monosaccharide or Disaccharides Taste sweet Made by plants Used for energy

2. Starches or Polysaccharides Rice, potatoes, grains Stored energy in plants Taste bland Animals eat starchy plants for energy.

3. Glycogen: Animal starch stored in the liver for energy. Human liver Glycogen

4. Cellulose Cotton, wood, leaves plant cell walls wood Cannot be digested by humans