1. CARBOHYDRATES

2. Carbohydrates: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen CHO

3. Carbohydrates Small sugar molecules to large starch molecules.
Used for Energy
Some provide structure

4. Carbohydrates Monosaccharide: one sugar unit
Examples: glucose (C6H12O6) is blood sugar
deoxyribose in DNA
fructose is fruit sugar
galactose is milk sugar
glucose

5. Different Forms of Glucose

6. Disaccharide: two sugar unit
Examples:
Maltose (glucose+glucose) in malt
Sucrose (glucose+fructose) is sugar
Lactose (glucose+galactose) in milk
glucose

7. Polysaccharide: many sugar units
Examples:
starch (rice, potatoes, cereal)
glycogen (starch in the liver)
cellulose (lettuce, wood, fiber)
glucose
cellulose

8. Starch Consists of glucose subunits Plant energy storage molecule
Starch can be digested by animals.

9. Cellulose Composed of glucose subunits
Different bond formed than starch
Structural component in plants
Cannot be digested by animals

10. Chitin Glucose subunits Composes exoskeletons of insects and fungi
Contains Nitrogen.

11. Glycogen: Humans and other mammals make a special form of carbohydrate in their liver.

12.  Glycogen can be broken down into glucose for cellular energy.

13. Three Monosaccharides
C6H12O6

14. Dehydration Synthesis
Sugars bond together to make disaccharides and polysaccharides.
Water is removed.

15. How Disaccharides form:

16. Water is added to split sugars apart.
Hydrolysis:
Water is added to split sugars apart.