French and Indian War “The Seven Years War”

Essential Questions Who were the opponents in this war and why were they fighting? What was Maryland’s importance in this war? Do you think the forts were wisely built? (location and materials) How did Washington and Braddock’s fighting styles differ? Who had the best strategy? Who won this war? Do you think this is who should have won? Do you think the British government was right to make the colonists pay for the French and Indian War?

England and Colonists vs. French and Indians 1753 - 1763

Cause of War England and France were at war. Some French people began moving to the American colonies from Canada. England did not want to lose the colonies to the French, so the English asked the colonists to help them fight against the French. The French asked some American Indians to help them fight against England and the colonists. Canada Colonies

Land Worth Fighting For Ohio River Valley Ohio, Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers

The Albany Plan of Union Representatives from New England, New York, Pennsylvania, and Maryland met to discuss the treat of war in Albany, New York. They wanted to find a way for the colonies to defend themselves against the French They hoped to persuade the Iroquois to take their side against the French.

The Albany Plan of Union Benjamin Franklin's plan called for “one general government” for 11 of the American colonies. An elected legislature would govern these colonies and would have the power to collect taxes, raise troops, and regulate trade. Not a single colonial assembly approved the plan. The Albany meeting failed to unite the colonists to fight the French

Building Forts The Maryland people did many things to protect their colony. The governor asked the citizens to build three forts along the western frontier. Fort Frederick was the largest of these forts. The fort’s walls were made of stone. The settlers built houses inside for soldiers to use. General Braddock, along with George Washington, trained soldiers at Fort Cumberland.

Washington Braddock Braddock and his army moved very slowly, building roads and bridges as they headed through the wilderness. Braddock believed that fighting like the Indians was cowardly. * This led to his death! Washington learned that the British were not unbeatable in battle as many people thought. Washington believed that the key to winning the war was to fight like the Indians. * This led him to success during the Revolutionary War!

Effects of War England and the Colonists beat the French and the Indians. The Treaty of Paris was formed between the opponents. This war was very costly to England. The British decided to tax the Colonists to pay for the war!

North America after the Treaty of Paris of 1763 Treaty of Paris of 1763: Because France had lost the war, they were forced to give up all land claims in North America, except for a small piece of land in the West Indies. Spain was given control of all land west of the Mississippi River, including New Orleans. Britain was given control of all land east of the Mississippi River, including Florida. The treaty did not address the Indians, however, so they continued to attack colonial outposts on the west.

Before & After the French & Indian War

Answer these questions at the bottom of your fill in notes! Essential Questions Who were the opponents in this war and why were they fighting? What was Maryland’s importance in this war? Do you think the forts were wisely built? (location and materials) How did Washington and Braddock’s fighting styles differ? Who had the best strategy? Who won this war? Do you think this is who should have won? Do you think the British government was right to make the colonists pay for the French and Indian War? Answer these questions at the bottom of your fill in notes!

Rubric for Proclamation Line Map Draw the Mississippi river in Blue and label Draw the Ohio River in Blue and label Label the Ohio river Valley in Purple and label Label the Appalachian Mountains in Green and label

Map

Add these items to the map The boundary for the Proclamation Line of 1763 draw it in red and label The area were the French and Indian War took place Draw it in Black stars and make a key for stars at the bottom

After the French and Indian War

North America after the Treaty of Paris of 1763 Treaty of Paris of 1763: Because France had lost the war, they were forced to give up all land claims in North America. Spain was given control of all land west of the Mississippi River. Britain was given control of all land east of the The treaty did not address the Indians, however, so they continued to attack colonial outposts on the west.

Proclamation of 1763 The first problem occurred in spring of 1763 Colonists: Great numbers of colonists settled in Ohio Valley, west of Appalachian Mountains Native American reaction: An Ottawa chief, Pontiac, knew that more American Indian land might get lost to British settlers Chief Pontiac organized several American Indian nations and successfully attacked colonial forts

Proclamation of 1763 1. This act ordered: To avoid more trouble with American Indians King George III signed Proclamation of 1763 1. This act ordered: - All settlers to leave Ohio Valley and return to established colonies - Did not allow any more people to make new settlements west of Appalachians - It said that no traders could enter area without approval of king

Makes the Colonist angry at King George III! The Proclamation of 1763 In your Frame of Reference Who is the friction between because of the Proclamation Line of 1763? Why does it make the colonist angry? The Indians agree to stop attacking the colonies. The Indians continue to attack the colonies. The colonists will remain on the coast where the king can use the navy to keep them under control. Parliament passes the Proclamation of 1763 The king is concerned that as colonists move inland, he will have less control over their actions. Makes the Colonist angry at King George III! Put in your frame of Reference: The king believes the colonists will be happy about the Proclamation, because it will stop the attacks from the Indians.

Colonists reaction - Colonists were opposed to the new law They had fought in French and Indian War and now the law was saying that no one could go west Many colonists felt that the king didn’t care about protecting them from American Indians Felt its real purpose was to prevent them from developing the new land

Map of Proclamation

Proclamation Line 1763 Ticket out the Door 1. After the French and Indian War, why was the Proclamation Line of 1763 put into place in the 13 colonies?   2. What is the Proclamation line of 1763 3. What is the name of the King of England at the time the Proclamation Line was put into place? 4. The Proclamation Line of 1763 caused friction between who? 5. Why does the King feel the need to make the proclamation line of 1763? 6. Why are the colonist mad that they can’t cross the Appalachian Mountains? 7. How did American colonist see the troops that were left in the 13 colonies after the French and Indian War?