agents that invade the body and cause diseases. List and describe the 5 main pathogens.

Bacteria – single celled organism; can be killed with antibiotics

Virus – tiny; survive and replicate only inside living cells; can’t be killed (has to run its course)

organisms that absorb and use the nutrients of living or dead organisms

single celled; larger than bacteria Malaria: Spread by mosquito bites

Feed off of other living things (Lice)

What are the 4 ways infectious diseases can be spread?

Describe how each of the following diseases are treated:

medicine (antibiotics) are used to slow or kill the growth of bacteria. You must take all meds or it can come back! any meds. taken are to treat the symptoms; only time will cure viral disease.

Usually treated with O.T.C. anti-fungal cream (athletes foot) Good hygiene is the best preventative measure; other medications require prescription prevention best, for ex. don’t share brushes, use medicated shampoo, etc.

3. What is our body’s first line of defense against disease?

What is ? 4. How does it help fight infection?

~ It is a reaction to injury or infection that is characterized by pain, redness, and swelling. ~ It is the body’s second line of defense from pathogens. The inflammatory response shows that body is attacking pathogens.

5. If a pathogen gets past the physical barriers, what system kicks in to fight the disease from the inside? Your white blood cells produce antibodies that travel through the lymphatic system to fight the pathogens.

What are some things you can do to stay well?

Protect yourselfRegular Check up Eat healthy Drink water Get enough sleep Vaccines Reduce stress Exercise Avoid contact with sick people

7. List and describe the 5 most common bacterial diseases

Tetanus Causes severe muscle spasms

sore throat, fever, yellow or white specks on the throat Easy to relapse!

Sinus Infection headache, thick mucous, feeling pressure in your head

Bacterial Meningitis Inflammationof the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord Could be FATAL!

Salmonellas affects the digestive system, usually spread by contaminated food

8. List and describe the symptoms for the common viral diseases:

FLU headache, sore muscles, sore throat, fever, vomiting, fatigue and coughing

Swine Flu

scratchy sore throat, sneezing, runny nose

pain and swelling of glands in the throat, possible rash

fatigue, runny nose, cough, slight fever, small white dots in the mouth, rash covering the body

Fever, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat & weakness

inflammation of the liver, jaundice, fever, dark urine

~ Diseases that are caused partly by unhealthy behaviors and partly by other factors. ~ They are called this because a person’s habits, behaviors and practices largely determine whether a person develops a lifestyle disease.

10. What is the difference between controllable factors and uncontrollable factors?

habits, practices or behaviors you can change, you have control of them (ex: smoking, eating habits, exercise).

factors you cannot change

11. What are cardiovascular diseases? Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are diseases or disorders that result from damage to the heart and the blood vessels

blood and oxygen are cut off to the brain

the force of blood exerts against walls of blood vessels

blood and oxygen are cut off to the heart.

the build up of fatty materials in the blood vessels

13. How are cardiovascular diseases detected? Blood pressure, electrocardiogram, ultrasound, angiography's

14. What are some things you can do to prevent cardiovascular diseases?

~trim your fat intake ~ cut down on salt ~ watch your weight ~ don’t smoke ~ exercise ~ watch your blood pressure and cholesterol ~ relax & cut down on stress

15. Can you treat Cardiovascular Diseases? ~ Yes you can treat them through diet and exercise, medicines, surgery, angioplasty, pacemakers and transplants

~ A disease caused by uncontrolled cell growth

17. What is the difference between benign tumors and malignant tumors?

Malignant tumors are cancerous and do spread. Benign tumors are not cancerous and usually do not spread do not spread

~ Don’t Smoke ~ Sunscreen ~ Eat more veggies and less fat ~ Exercise and watch your weight ~ Get regular check ups

~ Diabetes is a disorder in which cells are unable to get glucose from the blood.

~ Insulin is a hormone that causes cells to remove glucose from the bloodstream. With diabetes your body does not produce insulin or it doesn’t produce enough insulin.

You are usually born with it. You do not produce insulin!

~ Type 2 Diabetes is where the body does not produce enough insulin; it’s the most common form usually diagnosed later in life

22. What type of treatment is there for someone with Type 1 Diabetes? Insulin shots Insulin Pump

~ Type 2 Diabetes can be prevented through maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding smoking, and the reduction of stress.

24. What is gestational diabetes? ~ Occasionally a pregnant woman may temporarily develop diabetes, usually near the end of her pregnancy, can cause the baby to be big.