1. Infectious Disease

2. 1. Infectious Disease Any disease that is caused by an agent that has invaded the body.

3. 2. Pathogen Any agent that causes disease.

4. 3. Common Pathogens Bacteria – single celled organisms. Viruses – genetic material covered in a protein shell. Fungi – absorbs nutrients from living and nonliving organisms. Protozoa – single celled organisms that are more complex than bacteria. Parasites – organisms that get their energy from other living things.

5. 4. Transmission of Disease Person-to-person – sneezing, coughing, sharing drinks, contact. Food and Water – improperly treated water, and improperly prepared foods. Environment – doorknobs, money, and soil. Animals – pets, stray animals, and insects.

6. 5. Treatment Bacterial infections – antibiotics Viral infections – no cure, symptoms are treated, must run its course. Fungal infections – OTC antifungal, oral meds in severe cases. Protozoan infections – prescription meds. Parasitic infections – medicated shampoos (lice), prescription meds.

7. 6. Body’s defenses Physical Barriers –Skin –Mucous membranes –Chemicals – sweat, stomach acid, tears Inflammatory Response Immune System –Antibodies –White blood cells

8. 7. Inflammation (-itis) A reaction to injury or infection that is characterized by, pain, redness, and swelling.

9. 8. Precautions Wash your hands Eat a healthy, well- balanced diet. Drink water (8-10 glasses a day) Reduce stress levels Exercise regularly Regular medical checks Avoid close contact with sick people. Get enough sleep Get vaccinated

10. 9. Prevention Get vaccinated Keep clean –Bathing –Washing hands Don’t share personal items –Toothbrushes –Hairbrushes –Food and drinks –Makeup (lip gloss, eyeliner) Cover your mouth when coughing or sneezing. Be on guard outdoors –Insect repellant –Don’t drink from streams (boil water for 10 min.) –Wild animals

11. 10. Common Viral Infections Influenza (flu) Cold Mumps Measles Mononucleosis Hepatitis

12. 11. Other common infections Fungal – athletes foot; ringworm Protozoan – malaria, amoebic dysentery Parasitic – lice, leeches, ticks, tapeworms, hookworms, and pinworms.