1. Common Communicable Diseases

2. Respiratory Infections
Most common
Caused by virus or bacteria
Avoid contact with people who are infected
Wash hands
Keep hands away from eyes and nose
Avoid smoking

3. Common Cold Viral Inflammation of mucous membranes in nose and throat
Symptoms
Runny nose
Sneezing
Sore throat
No cure
Only treatment for symptoms
Most colds clear up in a weak- “run its course”

4. Influenza Viral infection of respiratory tract Symptoms
High fever
Fatigue
Headache
Muscle ache
Cough
An antiviral drug can be given for the flu only if given with onset of symptoms

5. Flu can lead to pneumonia
Proper nutrition
Plenty of rest!!
Plenty of fluids
Flu vaccine annually
Flu can lead to pneumonia
An infection in the lungs in which the air sacs (alveoli) fills with pus and other liquids

7. Pneumonia One of the Top 10 causes of death in the US
Viral Pneumonia is short lived- similar to flu
Bacterial pneumonia can be treated with antibiotics if diagnosed early

8. Strep Throat Bacterial infection Symptoms Antibiotics can treat it
Sore throat
Fever
Enlarged lymph nodes in neck
If untreated can lead to kidney infection and rheumatic fever (cause heart damage)
Antibiotics can treat it
Throat culture is taken to identify bacteria

9. Tuberculosis (TB) Bacterial disease in lungs Spread through air
People with weakened immune system developed the disease when the bacteria is present other do not
Symptoms
Fatigue
Coughing (blood)
Fever
Night sweats
Weight loss
Treated with antibiotics but can be resistant to some

10. Hepatitis Inflammation of liver
Caused by chemical (drugs and alcohol) or many pathogens
Vaccines for Hep. A and B

11. Symptoms Most recover 100% Fever Nausea Vomiting fatigue,
abdominal pain
Jaundice- a yellowing of the skin and eyes
Most recover 100%

12. Hepatitis A One of the top ten communicable diseases in the US
Most commonly spread through contact with infected person’s feces
If an infected person doesn’t not wash hand after using the restroom they can contaminate objects, food or people

13. Hepatitis B (HBV) More serious virus Found in bodily floods
Most often transmitted through sexual contact
Also by sharing needles
Often causes severe liver damage
Liver failure, cancer, and cirrhosis (scarring of the liver)
Heb B responsible for 80% of liver cancer

14. Reduce risk by abstaining from sexual contact and illegal drug use, avoid sharing toothbrushes and razors
Contaminated tattoo and piercing needles can spread the disease
Vaccine is recommended

15. Hepatitis C Most common blood-borne infection in US
Most commonly spread by needles
Can lead to chronic lever disease, Liver cancer or Liver failure
90% of people do not know they have this until routine test show liver damage
Avoid illegal drug use and sharing tooth brush and razor

16. Mononucleosis Viral infection
Spread through direct contact, “kissing disease”
Symptoms
Chills, fever, sore throat, fatigue, and swollen lymph nodes
Treatment- rest

17. Measles Virus Symptoms No cure but vaccine available
High fever, red eyes, runny nose, cough, bumpy read rash on head or face
No cure but vaccine available

18. Encephalitis Virus carried by mosquitoes Causes inflammation of brain
Symptoms- headache, fever, hallucinations, Confusion, paralysis, problems with speech, memory, behavior and eye movement
If caused by herpes simplex virus treated with antiviral medicine
If caused by other virus no treatment

19. Meningitis
Virus or bacteria cause inflammation of the membrane that covers brain
Symptoms- fever, sever headache, nausea, vomiting, sensitivity to light, stiff neck
Viral: antiviral medicine
Bacterial: antibiotics
Vaccine is available

20. Emerging Infections
A communicable disease whose incidence in humans has increased within the past two decades or threatens to increase in the near future
Transport across borders
Humans and animals car pathogens to new region where disease was not present before
Dengue fever, west Nile, carried by mosquitoes

21. Resistance to antibiotics
Population movement
Increase in Lyme disease as people have moved into heavily wooded areas
Resistance to antibiotics
Over use of antibiotics resulted in pathogens becoming resistant
Changes in food technology
Mass production and distribution of food increases risk of spreading contaminated food

22. Agents of bioterrorism
Releasing pathogens
Could spread rapidly