1. CONTROLLING
DISEASE
Chapter 7
Section 1

2. What is a Communicable Disease ?
A disease that can spread from one person to another

3. What causes a communicable disease?
4 kinds of microbes
viruses
fungi
bacteria
protozoa

4. The 4 Kinds of microbes VIRUSES BACTERIA smallest kind of microbe
tiny pieces of living matter
live in all kinds of cells
uses part of the cell that live and multiply
BACTERIA
only one cell
some bacteria can move on their own others are carried by wind, water, or food.

5. PROTOZOA FUNGI largest kind of microbe
single-celled creature that move on it’s own
often live in ponds, streams, or other wet places
FUNGI
cannot move on their own
cannot live and grow by themselves
some live on the inside of people’s bodies

6. Microbes Can only live where they can get food and water
Each kind causes a different disease
Some microbes
need air
need a warm environment
need a cold environment
cannot live inside the body
are common others are not

7. How do microbes cause disease?
Some microbes make toxins
What is a toxin?
Harmful waste
How do toxins work?
They interfere with the way the body works
Some microbes directly attack the body’s cells

8. The multiplying of microbes inside your body
What is an infection?
If your body does not stop the multiplying a few can become a million in a very short time
A large number of microbes in your body can make you ill
The multiplying of microbes inside your body
MILLIONS

9. How does your body fight disease?
Antibodies
coat the disease microbe and make them harmless
each kind of antibody works against only one disease
some antibodies stay in your blood after you get better to give you immunity
some antibodies stay in your blood all the time, this way you only get the disease once (chicken pox)

10. How can you help your body fight harmful microbes?
You can help by keeping your resistance strong
Resistance is your body’s ability to fight disease
Follow healthful habits
eating a balanced diet
exercising
resting and getting enough sleep

11. Key Questions 1. Name four groups of microbes.
2. How do microbes cause disease?
(2 ways)
3. How do antibodies give you immunity? (2steps)

12. Controlling Communicable Disease
Chapter 7
Section 2

13. Four main weapons to fight communicable disease
Sanitation
ways people keep their surroundings clean and free of disease microbes
keeps certain diseases from starting or spreading
Hygiene habits
people’s own ways of keeping clean
Vaccines
gives a person immunity to a certain disease without becoming ill
vaccines are used to fight viruses
Antibiotics
medicines that can kill harmful bacteria

14. How do vaccines control disease?
Vaccines are weakened microbes of the disease placed in your body so that you form antibodies for the disease.
These antibodies stay in your system and give you immunity to the disease without ever having to get sick from the disease.
Vaccines can be injected, swallowed and some may be taken as a nasal-spray.

15. *You need a booster for some vaccines to keep your immunity.
Recommended Vaccines
2,4,6, and 18 months
15 months
12 months
2,4, and 18 months
2,4,6 and 18 months
Diphtheria
Measles
Mumps
Whooping cough
Polio
Rubella
Tetanus
*You need a booster for some vaccines to keep your immunity.

16. How do antibiotics control disease?
Antibiotic destroy harmful microbes that cause infections
Antibiotics only work against disease caused by bacteria.
The world’s first antibiotic...
PENICILLIN
Discovered by: Alexander Fleming

17. How does sanitation control disease?
In the past many people did not know enough about microbes and how diseases spread.
They did not realize their actions were making people sick.
The quick spread of a disease to large number of people is called an epidemic.
About 600 years ago an epidemic spread throughout Europe killing thousands of people.
Bubonic Plague

18. Modern Sanitation Garbage Disposal Sewage Treatment
Modern sanitation help people keep their surroundings clean and free of harmful microbes
Garbage Disposal Sewage Treatment
Water Treatment Food Preparation

19. WORLD’S FIRST SUCCESSFUL VACCINE
Dr. Edward Jenner
England, 1796
Cowpox microbes
SMALLPOX

20. Some Communicable Diseases
Chapter 7
Section 3

21. The most common communicable disease in the United States
What are colds?
Symptoms (signs of a disease)
runny or stuffy nose
sore throat
coughing
Transmission
breathing in droplets of water
Unwashed hands
Treatment
rest
cover your sneezes with disposable tissues
drink plenty of water and juices
The most common communicable disease in the United States

22. What is Hepatitis? Hepatitis is caused by several different viruses
It infects the liver
Symptoms
nausea
vomiting
jaundice
stomach ache
fever
Transmission
unwashed hands
sharing food or drink
Treatment
rest

23. What is Mononucleosis?
Sports players, friends and family members often get Mono by sharing drink containers
Symptoms
sudden fever
swollen lymph glands
tiredness
sore throat
Transmission
saliva or droplets from the mouth
mouth to mouth
sharing drink or food
Treatment
rest

24. What are Sexually Transmitted Diseases?
Chlamydia
swelling of and scars on the ovaries and testes
can be passed from mothers to their babies during birth
Gonorrhea
no symptoms in females
painful urination in males
Damages the heart, ovaries, testes and joints
Diseases spread by intimate body contact
Both can be treated with antibiotics

25. What is AIDS ? NO VACCINE NO CURE Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Kills white blood cells (T lymphocytes)
By killing the T cells it weakens the body’s natural immunity to all diseases
People with AIDS often get disease healthy people do not get.
pneumonia
rare types of cancer
NO VACCINE NO CURE

26. PREVENTING THIS DEADLY DISEASE
Transmission (bloodstream)
sexual contact
sharing of injection needles
mother to child during birth
blood transfusion (unlikely)

27. Noncommunicable Disease
Chapter 7
Section4

28. What is a Noncommunicable Disease ?
A Disease that…
is not caused by microbes
cannot pass from one person to another
comes from inside a person’s body
Today in the United States, cancer and heart disease take more lives than any other disease.

29. What causes Noncommunicable Disease?
The way a person lives
Not getting enough exercise
Not getting enough sleep
Not eating a balanced diet
Many disease are called
Chronic
What does chronic mean?
lasting for a long time

30. Diseases of the Circulatory System
Arteriosclerosis
Begins when cholesterol and fatty matter collect in the arteries and the arteries become clogged.
This can then lead to a
Heart Attack
High Blood Pressure
Is also known as HYPERTENSION
The artery walls become hard and thick
When a blood vessel in the brain bursts it causes a
STROKE

31. Cancer