3.3 & 3.4 The Middle and Southern Colonies

 Maryland oBecame home to Catholics from England who could not worship as they wanted in England  Named after Charles I wife Henrietta Maria oA proprietary colony (owners of the charter controlled it Lord Baltimore (George Calvert & Cecilius Calvert)  Focused upon agriculture (like Jamestown); later on tobacco  Soon Protestants came to Maryland (conflict)  Led to the Toleration Act of 1649 (made restricting religious rights of Christians a crime)  Allowed some toleration for religious groups

 North and South Carolina (proprietary colonies) oSettled by friends of Charles II after he restored the monarchy in England  Originally one big territory, split into North and South in 1729 North Carolina poor, few plantations, few settlements South Carolina (founded port of Charles Town)  Colonists paid their way over in exchange for tracts of land (Caribbean colonists brought slaves with them)  Farming tough at first due to climate (lowlands)  Rice became the first important crop  Slaves needed to for rice production  Out numbered whites 2 to 1  Became a royal colony in 1729

 New York and New Jersey oNew York (royal colony) PATROONS Dutch West India Company-grants to those who could bring 50 settlers to work the land (NY/NJ) Owed labor to Patroons and share of crops Area of New Netherlands (led by Peter Stuyvesant)  Center of fur trade; Stuyvesant like a dictator and did what he wanted  Increased land by capturing Swedish fort and increase land England took over New Netherlands in 1664 by using its navy led by the Duke of York (not a shot fired) oNew Jersey (proprietary colony)PATROONS Duke of York granted lands to George Carteret and John Berkeley A diverse population of Dutch, Swedes, Finns, and Scots

 Pennsylvania oFounded by William Penn (Quaker) Quakers believed that all people could be saved; rejected formal religious practices; believed in equality of the sexes, religious tolerance; nonviolence * William Penn (a Quaker) unhappy with leaders in New Jersey and wanted his own colony  (went to King Charles II who owed Penn’s father money; agreed to pay off debt by granting a charter)  Attracted Welsh, Irish, & Germans  Philadelphia was the capital  VERY friendly to Native Americans..preached peace  Penn saw Pennsylvania as “Holy Experiment” a place to share Quaker ideals.  Delaware-Penn allowed own Southern counties to form own legistlature, known as Delaware  Delaware remained under authority of Penn’s gov.

 Georgia o1732 by King George II to James Oglethorpe A debtors/penal colony and a buffer to Spanish Florida Oglethorpe wanted Georgia to be different from other southern colonies  Outlawed slavery  Land grants of no more than 500 acres  Free passage to Georgia and gave them food and cattle Settlers became unhappy with strict rules under Oglethorpe  Wanted to develop large plantations and liquor/rum 1752 charter given up and became a royal colony  Restrictions lifted and rice plantations (slavery grew)