1. SETTLEMENT OF THE MIDDLE COLONIES New Netherlands and Pennsylvania

2. The Dutch Found New Netherland New Netherlands was founded in 1621 by the Dutch West India Company. The area had been surveyed by Henry Hudson in 1609, an Englishman hired by the Dutch who sailed up the Hudson river. The Dutch hoped to expand their thriving fur trade, and by 1655 they had taken over the New Sweden, the Finnish and Swedish settlement on the Delaware River which competed with them in the fur trade. New Amsterdam was made the capital city in 1625. This would later be New York City, and remain as a thriving area for trade and business.

3. A Diverse Colony The Dutch opened the colony to a diversity of people. Germans, French, Scandinavians, Africans, and other Europeans populated the colony. How were the interactions between the Dutch and the Natives? The Dutch had friendlier relations with the natives since they could trade fur with them, as well as the fact that the Iroquois Nation was well organized and powerful. There was fighting at times between settlers and Natives over trade rivalries and land claims.

4. English Takeover How did the English view New Netherland’s? And how hard was it for them to take over this Dutch settlement. New Netherlands was viewed as the “Dutch Wedge,” which separated New England from Virginia and other southern colonies. In 1664, King Charles II granted his brother (The Duke of York, and later King James II) permission to drive the Dutch out. The Dutch colony was taken without a shot fired. Peter Stuyvesant was an unpopular leader, and they were outnumbered. Once taken over it was renamed New York, and New Jersey was given to the Duke’s friends.

5. The Quakers Settle Pennsylvania When compensated for the debt owed to his father by King Charles II, William Penn earned a charter for the colony of Pennsylvania. A place he hoped to bring his Quaker beliefs and people. On what model was the colony of Pennsylvania run? Quaker principles of religious toleration, cooperation, and equality. Any person could speak in their sermons, they dressed plainly, and they were pacifists. All adult male settlers received 50 acres of land and were granted the right to vote. William Penn saw his colony as a “holy experiment,” and named the capital Philadelphia which means “City of Brotherly Love” Because of the constitution giving the three southern counties along the Delaware a separate assembly, Delaware (although part of PA) became separated.

6. Quaker Relations with Native Americans William Penn wrote a letter to the Lenni Lenapi, or Delaware Tribe before the arrival of his settlers. He hoped to come to them in friendship, especially since that region had already dealt with European diseases and war. How did Penn ensure that relations remained friendly between the settlers and Native Americans? Regulated trade and a common court for both settlers and natives to handle disputes allowed for over 50yrs of peace between the Delaware and the settlers.

7. A Thriving Colony Using advertisements in Germany, France, and the Netherlands, Penn attracted many Europeans to Pennsylvania. How did immigration lead to the colonies thriving business and trade? Many Europeans brought craft skills and farming techniques with them which allowed for diversity and specialization. Penn only spent 4yrs in his colony and did not profit from the formation of it, later dying in poverty. Eventually slavery was introduced as the Quakers were outnumbered by Western Europeans. The ideals that the colony was founded on would later find their place in our own Declaration and Constitution.

8. Thirteen Colonies Throughout the 1600’s and 1700’s, more colonies were started as land grants and charters were given out to various Lords. 1632, Maryland was founded. 1663, North and South Carolina are founded. 1731, Georgia was founded.

9. Conclusions  The Middle Colonies were diverse and much different from both New England and the Southern colonies.  William Penn established a unique colony with principles that would create a legacy.  The nation was rapidly expanding down the eastern seaboard, and attained 13 colonies by the mid-18 th century.  HW: Complete the short answer on the Review Packet