The Civil War Causes, Battles, & Key Figures

CAUSES There were many causes that led to the Civil War, however, the following are the most notable: 1.) Economic & Social Differences 2.) States vs. Federal Rights 3.) Slave vs. Non-Slave proponents 4.) Growth of the Abolitionist Movement 5.) Election of Abraham Lincoln

Economic & Social Differences NORTH: Poor soil – therefore, could not produce agriculture as efficiently as the south Rise of Industrialization Factory system Dependent on WAGE LABOR to man factories Detested Slavery Their economy wasn’t dependent on it

Economic & Social Differences (cont’d) SOUTH: Rich, fertile farming soil Producing cotton was their staple crop Cotton production relied heavily on SLAVE LABOR Therefore, their economic sustainability was dependent upon slaves Supported slavery because they could not survive without them

States vs. Federal Rights South strongly supported STATES rights They wanted autonomy over how their states and governments were run This would ensure more power for the state – therefore, more freedom to conduct themselves how they saw fit South fought for States Rights to protect their slave practices John C. Calhoun was the Governor of S.C. at the time that South Carolina decided to secede from the Union in protest of Unionization North strongly supported FEDERAL rights Believed in a Unionized country Believed that the United States should be controlled under one unifying force: The Federal Government

Slave vs. Non-Slave Proponents NORTH: Supported the destruction of the institution of slavery SOUTH: Vehemently detested the North for their abolitionist ideas MISSOURI COMPROMISE Created to deal with the balance of free & non-free states Fugitive Slave Laws: part of the M.O. Compromise to ensure fairness among slave & non-slave states

Growth of Abolitionist Movement Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe Dred Scott Case Fugitive Slave Act John Brown’s Raid Nat Turner’s Revolt

Election of Ol’ Abe

INFAMOUS BATTLES

Fort Sumter 6 days after South Carolina seceded from the Union, the first shots of the Civil War rang out! Confederate Victory

Battle of Gettysburg Fought July 1-3, 1863 Decisive Union victory Union defeated Confederate Gen. Lee from further invading the North Battle with largest number of Casualties Site for Lincoln’s famous “Gettysburg Address”

Battle of Antietam First major battle to take place on Union soil Took place in Sharpsburg, Maryland Bloodiest SINGLE DAY battle in American History

KEY FIGURES Confederate President Confederate President Jefferson Davis Jefferson Davis Union President Union President Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln

Key Figures (cont’d) Confederate General Robert E. Lee Union General Ulysses S. Grant

Other Notorious Leaders Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln Winfield Scott Winfield Scott George B. McClellan George B. McClellan Henry Wager Halleck Henry Wager Halleck Ulysses S. Grant Ulysses S. Grant Gideon Welles Gideon Welles Jefferson Davis Jefferson Davis P.G.T. Beauregard P.G.T. Beauregard Joseph E. Johnston Joseph E. Johnston Robert E. Lee Robert E. Lee Stephen Mallory Stephen Mallory

Miscellaneous Information

Casualties & Losses UNION 140,414 killed in action ~ 365,000 total dead 275,200 wounded CONFEDERATE 72,524 killed in action ~ 260,000 total dead 137,000+ wounded

Confederate Surrender The Confederate Army surrendered at the Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865, marking the END of the Civil War Documents for the end of the war were signed in the parlor of the courthouse a few days later

Union & Confederate Capitols Confederate Capitol was in Richmond, V.A Confederate Capitol was in Richmond, V.A Union Capitol was in Washington, D.C. Union Capitol was in Washington, D.C.

Lincoln’s Assassination To celebrate the end of the Civil War, President Lincoln headed to the theater to enjoy a relaxing night out Ford’s Theater is where he met his unfortunate and timely death John Wilkes Booth, a southern, pro-slavery, confederate is responsible for assassinating President Lincoln

THE END By: Kelly Williams Addie Wagner Alicia Ross