Standard 10 a. By: Brandi and Jamaal

All About Plants Plants are multicellular eukaryotes that have cell walls made of cellulose. Plants are in the Kingdom Plantae Plants are autotrophs ( they make their own food)

Roots- help to anchor the plant in the soil so it doesn’t fall over Stems- support the plant; act as the plants pluming system by conducting water and nutrients from the roots and food in the form of glucose from the leaves to other plant parts Leaves- designed to capture sunlight which they use to make food through photosynthesis Photosynthesis- they use the energy from sunlight to produce glucose Flowers- the reproductive part of most plants Seeds- an embryo of a plant that is encased in a protective covering and surrounded by food supply Structure of a Plant

Vascular & Nonvascular Plants Vascular refers to the tubes or vessels that water travels through from the roots to the stems & leaves. Nonvascular plants do NOT have these tubes. Most of the plants in this group are small, low to the ground. Vascular plants do have these tubes to carry the water & nutrients & can grow very tall

Vascular & Nonvascular Plant Comparison Nonvascular PlantsVascular Plants Have spores instead of seeds Have true seeds Small, shortTaller Mosses & FernsAll of the trees grasses, shrubs

Vascular Plants are divided into 2 Groups by the way they reproduce Gymnosperms ( means “Naked Seeds”) are the trees that have cones. Their seeds are not covered with a fruit so we say they are naked. Angiosperms are trees & plants that have flowers & fruits.

Gymnosperm & Angiosperm Comparison GymnospermsAngiosperms PollinationBlows in the wind ( not efficient) Insects carry the pollen from one flower to the next SeedsProduced in conesProduced inside a fruit ExamplesPine tree, Cedar. Redwood, All Evergreen trees Anything that has a flower or a fruit

Parts of a Flower Stamen- (it has the word Men in the word) the male part of the flower and they produce a sticky powder pollen Pistil- the female part of the body; Stigma- the top part of the pistil which is often sticky Ovule- the base of the pistil where seeds are made Petals – attract the insects with color & scent but they do NOT have a reproductive function

Pollination Angiosperms are pollinated by insects The flowers are often bright colored and have a strong smell to attract the pollinators Gymnosperms are pollinated by wind. The wind picks up pollen from one pine tree and carries it to another.

Monocots and Dicots Two classes within the angiosperms: the monocots, and dicots. Monocots and dicots are named for the number of seed leaves, or cotyledons, in the plant embryo ( in other words, how many leaves come out of the ground when the plant first sprouts) Monocots have one seed leaf Dicots have two seed leaves

Cotyledons Cotyledon- the first leaf or the first pair of leaves produced by the embryo of a seed plant

Monocot & Dicot Comparison

Venation Patterns Parallel Venation Netted Venation

Questions

Question 1 1Which student has correctly classified each plant? STUDENTOAK TREE CORNDANDELIONCARROTS 1 MonocotDicotMonocot 2 Dicot 3 Monocot Dicot 4 MonocotDicot A.Student 1 C. Student 3 B.Student 2 D. Student 4

Answer… D.STUDENT 4

Question 2 2A class observes an unknown plant and discovers that the plant’s seeds have only one cotyledon. When the class examines the leaves and the stem, what will they MOST LIKELY find? A parallel veins and a ring of vascular bundles B parallel veins and scattered vascular bundles C a netted arrangement of veins and a ring of vascular bundles D a netted arrangement of veins and scattered vascular bundles

Answer… B. Parallel veins and scattered vascular bundles

Question 3 3Why are nonvascular plants typically smaller and shorter than vascular plants? A Nonvascular plants use mitosis to produce cells. B Nonvascular plants use photosynthesis to obtain energy. C Nonvascular plants lack tubes to transport materials. D Nonvascular plants lack deep fibrous roots to obtain water.

Answer… C. Nonvascular plants lack tubes to transport materials

Question 4 4Study the table below. Which statement is correct? Plant Comparison PlantNumber of Flowering Parts Arrangement of Vascular Tissue in Stem Number of Embryo Parts 1Multiples of 3Scattered1 2Multiples of 4 or 5In a ring2 A. Plants 1 and 2 are gymnosperms C. Plant 1 is a monocot and plant 2 is a dicot B. Plants 1 and 2 are nonvascular plants D. Plant 1 produces seeds, and plant 2 produces cones

Answer… C. Plant 1 is a monocot, and plant 2 is a dicot

Question 5 Study the leaf below. A plant with the leaf- venation pattern shown would be classified a A.dicot, with two cotyledons B.dicot, with one cotyledon C.monocot, with two cotyledons D.monocot, with one cotyledon

Answer… A.DICOT Dicots have netted venation

Question 7 What kingdom are plants in? A.The flower kingdom B.Kingdom Plantae C.Kingdom Fungi D.Kingdom Animalia

Answer B. Kingdom Plantae

Question 9 What is the first leaf or the first pair of leaves produced by the embryo or seed plant? A.Dicot B.Gametophyte C.Monocot D.Cotyledon

Answer D. cotyledon

Question 10 Which has a single cotyledon? A.Sporophyte B.Monocots C.Fuit D.dicots

Answer B. Monocots Mono means single or one

Question 12 What are plants considered? A.Autotrophs B.Monotrophs C.Hetertrophs D.green

Answer A. autotrophs

Question 13 Do plants have eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells? Hint: Prokaryotic cells are very primitive & do not have true organelles. Eukarytotic cells are “true cells”

Answer Eukaryotes Only bacteria are Prokaryotic cells. All others are made up of True cells