History of Psychology. Roots in Greece Plato once gave the idea to a student “Know Thyself” Socrates said it is important to examine our thoughts and.

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Presentation transcript:

History of Psychology

Roots in Greece Plato once gave the idea to a student “Know Thyself” Socrates said it is important to examine our thoughts and feelings. Introspection- looking within Anything wrong with your mental state was thought to be a punishment from the Gods

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The Middle Ages Signs of agitation and confusion were signs of DEMONIC POSSESSION….BOO Also, the same idea as the Greeks, this was thought of as a punishment for sins committed Tests were ran to confirm or deny the presence of demons: – Water-Float Test

Science Evolves The Scientific revolution changed the world and how it viewed how things happened In the 1800’s psychology developed into the ideas of human behavior based on EVIDENCE Methods used were similar to those used in chemistry

Wilhelm Wundt He founded the field of psychology This idea became known as structuralism (concerned with discovering the basic elements of conscious experience) Consciousness was broken down into two separate categories Objective sensations- sight sound taste Subjective feelings- were thought to include emotional responses and mental image Combine these and you get the consciousness

William James Thought that experience is a continuous stream of consciousness Founder of the school of functionalism (how mental processes help organisms adapt to their environment. ) Functionalism vs. Structuralism Functionalism includes behavioral observation as well as introspection Structuralisms ask what are the elements of a process Functionalists ask what is the purpose of a process Adaptive practices

John B. Watson Rat in a maze example Watson thought there was a severe problem with the school of functionalism….where does behavior fall in all of this? Watson begins the school of behaviorism (the study of measurable behavior)

B.F. Skinner Skinner built on the idea of behaviorism, he felt that if a person were reinforced then they would be more likely to perform this action. Pigeons and rats can learn complex behaviors if they are reinforced in the right way. Can people be reinforced? Have you ever experienced this?

Sigmund Freud Possibly the most famous psychologist in history Emphasized the importance of unconscious motives and internal conflicts that determine behavior Interpret a slip of the tongue or a dream What fills the mind of an individual is conflicting impulses, urges, and wishes.

What is the Number One Factor that Effects Psychology? Biological-how we function Cognitive-thoughts determine behavior Humanistic-need for self fulfillment Psychoanalytic- influenced by unconscious feelings Learning-the effect of experiences Sociocultural- ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic standing