Development Unit 9

Developmental Research Nature vs. Nurture Continuity vs. Stages Stability vs. Change

Periods of Development Infancy: 0-24 months Early Childhood: 2-5 years Middle Childhood: 6-8 years Late Childhood: 9-11 Adolescence: 11ish – 20ish Early Adulthood: 20s-30s Middle Adulthood: 40s-65ish Late Adulthood: 65+

Infancy Physical Development Reflexes Grasping Babinski Rooting Sucking Maturation Developmental Norms sequence

Jean Piaget IQ Tests Schema Assimilation Accommodation

Piaget Stages of Cognitive Development Sensorimotor 0-2 Object Permanence Preoperational 2-7 Animism/personification Egocentric Lacks Conservation and Reversibility Concrete Operational 7-11 Gains Conservation and Reversibility Formal Operational 12+

Sensorimotor stage video

Preoperational Stage video

Egocentrism video

Concrete Operational Stage video

Formal Operational video

Development Jigsaw 1= Lev Vygotsky (Social Dev./Piaget) 2= Lev Vygotsky (Zone of Proximal Development) 3= Thomas and Chess 4= Stages of Attachment 5=Attachment Theory 6=Harry Harlow 7= Konrad Lorenz – yellow book = Ainworth and Bowlby (Secure and Ambivalent) 9= Ainworth and Bowlby (Avoidant and Disorganzied)

Thomas and Chess Temperament Easy 40% Difficult 10% Slow-to-warm-up 15%

Lev Vygotsky Zone of Proximal Development

Harry Harlow Contact Attachment

Konrad Lorenz Imprinting Critical Period

Mary Ainsworth Attachment Theory John Bowlby Strange Situation Amount of exploration Reaction to departure and return Secure attachment Anxious-Ambivalent insecure attachment Anxious-Avoidant insecure attachment Disorganized/disoriented attachment Mary Main

Sigmund Freud Terms Id Libido Fixation

Freud Psychosexual Stages The Oral Stage 0-1 ½ Oral fixation The Anal Stage 1 ½ -3 Anal-expulsive Anal-retentive The Phallic Stage 3-6 Oedipus Complex Electra Complex identification The Latent Period 6-puberty The Genital Stage Puberty-adulthood

Erik Erikson Psychosocial Stages of Development Trust vs. Mistrust 0-1½ Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt 1½- 3 Initiative vs. Guilt 3-5 Industry vs. Inferiority 6-12

Erikson Identity vs. Role Confusion Intimacy vs. Isolation Generativity vs. Stagnation Integrity vs. Despair 65+

Lawrence Kohlberg Moral Development Pre-conventional Morality 0-Egocentric judgment 1-Punishment-Obedience Orientation 2-Instrumental Relativist Orientation Conventional Morality 3-Good Boy-Nice Girl Orientation 4-Law and Order Orientation Post-Conventional Morality 5-Social Contract Orientation 6-Universal Ethical Principle Orientation

Carol Gilligan Moral Development Women

Adolescence Process of Puberty Growth Spurt Asynchrony Primary Sex Characteristics Secondary Sex Characteristics Reactions to growth Personal Fable Spotlight Effect Halo Effect

Adolescence Theories G.Stanley Hall Storm and Stress Margaret Mead Influence of culture Robert Havighurst Developmental Tasks

Adolescence Gender Development Gender role Gender Identity Gender Stereotypes Androgynous

Adolescence What causes Gender Differences Biological theory Psychoanalytic theory Social Learning theory Cognitive theory Gender Schema

Diana Baumrind Parenting Styles Authoritarian Authoritative Democratic Permissive Laissez faire

Daniel Levinson Seasons of a Man’s Life Transitions 1 st transition Entering adult world nd transition Settling down rd /midlife transition Middle adulthood th transition Late adult transition 60-65

Aging Menopause Intelligence Fluid intelligence Crystallized intelligence Dementia Alzheimer’s Disease

Elizabeth Kubler-Ross Stages of Death and Dying Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance