1. Unit 09 - Overview Developmental Issues, Prenatal Development, and the NewbornDevelopmental Issues, Prenatal Development, and the Newborn Infancy and Childhood: Physical Development Infancy and Childhood: Cognitive Development Infancy and Childhood: Social Development Gender Development Parents, Peers, and Early Experiences Adolescence: Physical and Cognitive Development Adolescence: Social Development and Emerging AdulthoodAdolescence: Social Development and Emerging Adulthood Sexual Development Adulthood: Physical, Cognitive, and Social Development

3. Developmental Psychology’s Major Issues Developmental psychology –Nature versus nurture –Continuity and stages –Stability and change

4. Prenatal Development and the Newborn Conception Conception

5. Prenatal Development and the Newborn Prenatal Development Zygote Embryo Fetus

6. Prenatal Development and the Newborn Prenatal Development Placenta Teratogens Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

7. Prenatal Development and the Newborn The Competent Newborn Reflexes Habituation Novelty-preference procedure Sensation and perception

9. Introduction Maturation

10. Brain Development Brain development Pruning process

11. Motor Development Motor development –Learning to walk

12. Brain Maturation and Infant Memory Infantile amnesia

14. Piaget’s Theory and Current Thinking Cognition Jean Piaget –SchemaSchema –AssimilationAssimilation –AccommodationAccommodation

15. Piaget’s Theory and Current Thinking

16. Piaget’s Theory and Current Thinking Sensorimotor Stage Sensorimotor Stage –Object permanenceObject permanence

17. Piaget’s Theory and Current Thinking Sensorimotor Stage Sensorimotor Stage –Baby Physics –Baby Math

18. Piaget’s Theory and Current Thinking Preoperational Stage Preoperational Stage –ConservationConservation

19. Piaget’s Theory and Current Thinking Preoperational Stage: Egocentrism Egocentric

20. Piaget’s Theory and Current Thinking Preoperational Stage: Theory of Mind Theory of Mind

21. Piaget’s Theory and Current Thinking Concrete Operational Stage Concrete Operational Stage

22. Piaget’s Theory and Current Thinking Formal Operational Stage Formal Operational Stage –Abstract concepts

24. An Alternative Viewpoint: Lev Vygotsky’s Scaffolding Vygotsky –Scaffolding –Zone of proximal development

25. Reflecting on Piaget’s Theory Influential theory

27. Introduction Stranger anxiety

28. Origins of Attachment Attachment –Body contact Harry Harlow’s studies

29. Origins of Attachment Familiarity Critical period Imprinting

30. Attachment Differences: Temperament and Parenting Ainsworth’s “strange situation” Secure attachment Insecure attachment

31. Attachment Differences: Temperament and Parenting

32. Temperament

33. Attachment Differences: Temperament and Parenting Attachment Styles and Later Relationships Erikson Basic trust

34. Deprivation of Attachment Early deprivation of attachment Disruption of attachment

35. Day Care Does day care affect attachment?

36. Self-Concept Self-concept –Self-esteem –Self - awareness

37. Parenting Styles Parenting styles (Baumrind) –Authoritarian –Permissive –Authoritative Correlation versus causation

38. Culture and Child Raising Differences in child-rearing from culture to culture –Family self

40. Introduction Gender –Influences on social development

41. How Are We Alike? How Do We Differ? Gender and aggression –AggressionAggression Physical versus relational aggression Gender and social power Gender and social connectedness

42. The Nurture of Gender: Our Culture Gender Roles Gender Role –RoleRole

43. The Nurture of Gender: Our Culture How Do We Learn to Be Male or Female? Gender and child-rearing –Gender identity –Gender typingGender typing Social learning theory Transgender

45. Experience and Brain Development

47. How Much Credit or Blame Do Parents Deserve? How much credit (or blame) do parents deserve?

48. Peer Influence Peer influence

50. Introduction Adolescence

51. Introduction Physical Development Puberty Brain development –Myelin growth

52. Cognitive Development Developing Reasoning Power Piaget’s formal operations

53. Cognitive Development Developing Morality: Moral Reasoning Lawrence Kohlberg –Preconventional morality –Conventional morality –Postconventional morality

54. Cognitive Development Developing Morality: Moral Reasoning

55. Cognitive Development Moral Intuition Moral Intuition Moral action

58. Forming an Identity Forming an identity –IdentityIdentity –Social identitySocial identity –IntimacyIntimacy

59. Parent and Peer Relationships Parent and peer relationships

60. Emerging Adulthood Emerging adulthood

61. Emerging Adulthood Emerging adulthood

63. Sexual Development Prenatal Sexual Development Sex chromosomes –X chromosomeX chromosome –Y chromosomeY chromosome Sex hormones –TestosteroneTestosterone

64. Sexual Development Adolescent Sexual Development Puberty –Primary sexual characteristicsPrimary sexual characteristics Menarche –Secondary sexual characteristicsSecondary sexual characteristics –Spermarch and Menarche

65. Sexual Development Adolescent Sexual Development

67. Sexual Development Variations in Sexual Development Intersex

68. Sexual Development Sexually Transmitted Diseases Sexually transmitted diseases AIDS (acquired immune syndrome)AIDS Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)

69. Sexual Development Teen Pregnancy Teenage pregnancy rates Environmental factors

70. Sexual Orientation Sexual orientation –Homosexual orientation –Heterosexual orientation –Bisexual orientation Statistics Difficulties Environment and sexual orientation

71. Sexual Orientation Biology and Sexual Orientation Same-sex attraction in other species Gay-straight brain differences Genetic influences Prenatal influences Gay-straight trait differences

73. Physical Development Physical Changes in Middle Adulthood Physical changes in middle adulthood –MenopauseMenopause

74. Physical Development Physical Changes in Later Life Physical changes in later life –Strength and stamina –Sensory abilities –Health –The aging brain Neurocognitive disorders

75. Cognitive Development Recall versus recognition

76. Cognitive Development Cross-Sectional Evidence –Cross-sectional studyCross-sectional study Longitudinal Evidence –Longitudinal studyLongitudinal study Terminal decline

77. Social Development Adulthood’s Ages and Stages Midlife transition Social clock

78. Social Development Adulthood’s Commitments Love Work

79. Social Development Well-Being Across the Life Span Well-being across the life span Death and dying