Check lists & Conditional sentences Sergio Pizziconi

Plan of the day Review A portfolio checklist Structure of the paper Conditional sentences SURVEY https://it.surveymonkey.com/s/ABCCSITA Plan EXTRA-CLASS work: Read Chp 2 case 15 (DISCOVERY); Chp 4 reading 5 (Wal-mart), 7(Prada), 8 (Airlines), 9 (Auto), and 10 (American Cars) [MARK relative clauses & aspect-tenses] Keep working on your project.

Review: Phonology 1 Vowels: exercises from /i/ to /a/ and from /u/ to /ɒ/ (lowering your jaw) from /i/ to /u/ mind driven; puff of air (see IPA chart). // Where accent falls is relevant: 1) OBject (n.) – obJECT (v.), 2) if lost, stress the first syllable, you’re likely to sound right. // Stress movement shortens/weakens previously stressed vowels (also in writing): proNOUNce  pronunCIAtion // This Miss /s/ unvoiced These Ms. /z/ voiced// “gh” mute (though, thought) OR /f/ (rough, tough)

Review: Phonology 2 SOURCE: CONSONANTS References …….. CONSONANTS = Table of English consonants, retrieved URL: https://www.llas.ac.uk/materialsbank/mb081/page_07.htm (accessed May 14, 2014). ……...

Review: Morphology 1 IRREGULAR VERBS: choose – chose – chosen; seek – sought – sought; Grow - ????? - ??????; Show- ????? - ??????; Know - ????? - ?????? [report the paradigm of irregular verbs you write in your maps] ADJ+lyADV; N+lyADJ // V+er N(s.o./s.t. does V) // To+N(and most words)V (googleto google; wowto wow) // V + ance/ence  N (differ+ence, perfom+ance) // Help+less antonym help+ful // Adj+ en  V (to make s.o./s.t Adj) // WRONG: I want to show the differents between BMW and FIAT RIGHT????? Adj(max2syll.) + er  Adj (comparative: more Adj) Adj(max2syll.) + est  Adj (superlative: most Adj) BUT: good – better – best; bad – worse – worst // Singular: Thesis, Analysis, Hypothesis, Axis /s/ unvoiced Plural: Theses, Analyses, Hypotheses Axes /z/ voiced // Datum (sing.) Data (pl.) Criterion, phenomenon (sing.) Criteria, phenomena (pl.)

who whom Review: Morphology 2 Sets of personal pronouns and possessive subject I you he she it we you (all) they who Personal Pr. Non-subject me you him her it us you (all) them whom Reflexive myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves Possessive Adjectives my your his her its our their Possessive Pronouns mine yours his hers its ours theirs

Review: Morphology 3 Possessive My Your His Her Its Our Their Luke’s mine yours his hers its ours theirs Tony’s car is affordable is expensive

Review: Morphology 4 Verb tenses 1 I go to school tomorrow I go to school everyday In 1776 the USA declare their independence Past (simple) Non-past: present (simple) NOW Past Non-Past

Review: Morphology 5 Verb tenses 2 Futurity: I go to school tomorrow I am going to school tomorrow I’m going to go to school tomorrow I will go to school tomorrow Past (simple) Non-past: present (simple) NOW Past Non-Past

Review: Morphology 6 Tense-aspect 3 They usually refer to a habitual action: I go to school [as my main activity today] I went to school last year [as my main activity then] Past (simple) Non-past: present (simple) To remark habits in the past: I used to go to school last year I would go to school everyday NOW Past Non-Past

Review: Morphology 7 Tense-aspect 4 Simple Continuous/Progressive Habitual process On-going process: To be + V-ing Their price is decreasing When I bought the shares, their price was decreasing Their price will be decreasing NOW

Review: Morphology 8 Tense-aspect 5 Simple Continuous/Progressive Perfect Habitual process On-going: To be + V-ing Some link with ensuing time: To have + V-ed I have started this project two weeks ago When you will be back, they will have finished the project The deadline was yesterday but I had started the project two months ago NOW

Review: Morphology 9 Tense-aspect 6 Simple Continuous/Progressive Perfect Habitual process On-going: To be + V-ing Some link with ensuing time: To have + V-ed I have started this project two weeks ago When you will be back, they will have finished the project The deadline was yesterday but I had started the project two months ago NOW I started the project two months ago because the deadline was yesterday

Review: Morphology 10 Duration form 7 Simple Continuous/Progressive Perfect Perfect continuous Habitual process On-going: To be + V-ing Some link with ensuing time: To have + V-ed Some link with present and on-going : To have + BEEN + V-ing I have been working on this project for four weeks I have been working on this project since last month (2013) NOW BUT: I have known you all since March 10th

Review: Syntax 1 Verbs: transitive Vs. intransitive (Direct object, Indirect object, Oblique object)// passive Vs. active (mentioned)// AUXILIARY verb for the perfect tenses (actually, aspect) ALWAYS to have (e.g., Things have changed) BUT: passive voice (e.g., Rules were changed by the CEO) or few constructions (e.g., are you finished?) // Phrasal verbs. Verb+ ADV or Prep. To bring about = to cause, to engender (causare, determinare) // Typical declarative sentence structure: Subj + Verb +….. Typical negative: Subject + do/does/did + not+ V(base form) Typical question: Do/Does/Did + Subject + V(base form) N.B. When some sort of auxiliary is already in the sentence USE IT instead of adding to do Emphatic statement Subj +do/does/did +V(base form) // What brings about unemployement? (what = SUBJECT) What does unemployment bring about? (what = ????) WRONG: I’m interesting in fashion RIGHT: ????

Review: Syntax 2 Skoda is…, Italy/France/Japan is… [WITHOUT article] BUT The United States of America, The United Kingdom, The Netherlands // Once upon a time there was a small village in the country. The village was… [see vignette below] In light of (mainly US) In the light of (mainly UK) [see FOEs for possessive case and article]// TRANSITIVE: to raise (raised – raised); to lay (laid – laid) INTRANSITIVE: to rise (rose – risen); to lie (lay – lain) (lying) N.B.: to lie (to say something untrue) (lied – lied) (lying)

Review: Syntax 3 Modal verbs: can, may, will, shall, must, could, might, would, should + BARE INFINITIVE (without to) Interrogative: MODAL + Subj + BARE INFINITIVE (must I go?) Negative: Subj + MODAL + not + BARE INFINITE (I mustn’t go, I cannot go OR I can’t go, I won’t go) They do not take to before or after: WRONG To may, to must, to could… WRONG WRONG I can to go, you may to talk… WRONG They do not take –s for 3° person singular WRONG he cans do, she mays do… WRONG They have no tense it’s a matter of distance from reality: Next year, I am/will be/can be/ may be/could be/might be in the UK I want TO focus/analyze I would like TO focus/analyze

V (D.O.) (I.O.) S (Att) Review: syntax 4 Links within the text Circumstances Textual markers Links within the text On what condition? (D.O.) (I.O.) S V How? Why? (Att) Where? When? About the relation between interlocutors General structure of the sentence

Review: Syntax 5 What sentence constituent is the underlined subordinate clause replacing? I think (that) you can do excellent projects Io penso che … Can you replace “that” (“che”) with “which” (“il/la/i/le quale/i”)? What’s the difference between the two uses of “honestly” below? Honestly, I don’t think you can win the game I don’t think you can honestly win the game D.O. replacing subordinate clause Discourse Marker (relation to interlocutors) Vs. Circumstance

Review: Syntax 6 Basic relative clauses A Main Clause with a Noun Phrase We have already sold the books that we received XXXX yesterday XXXX were delivered yesterday A relative pronoun A clause with a missing element A Main Clause with a Noun Phrase A relative pronoun A clause with a missing element

Review: Syntax 7 Omitted relative pronoun: From AMWAY: These distributors sell to people [that/whom] they know or meet. Whiz (omitted which and auxiliary to be): From BIC: Most large companies produce a variety of goods and services XXX XXX [which are] designed to meet customers’ needs… Fused relative pronoun: From BIC: This case study shows how [the way in which] BIC understands product life cycles Other details about relative clauses

Review: Syntax 8 Restrictive Vs Non-restrictive Try to figure out what the pair below has to do with relative clauses: Restrictive Vs Non-restrictive The car that is parked in front of the department is mine My car, which is parked in front of the department, is a FIAT

Review: Pragmatics 1/1 Do not pick on students or class fellows. //“See you later.”// Language varies across jobs. //Think it over before saying “No, this is wrong” Recommended: “Very interesting point/question. Let me point out though that…” or some sort of hedging (softening expression). // How is it going? How (are) you doing? What’s up? Wassup? Sup?  It’s always Good.// Expectation of truthful statement. // Lag time between turns: When asking for questions, wait for a longer time.// Greetings (see next slide)// FORMAL: Dr. Pizziconi, your course is interesting [NOT: his/her]. INFORMAL: Sergio, your course is interesting. {“On a first name basis” “May I call you Sergio?”}.

Review: Pragmatics (Appendix) Informal Formal Greetings Sup? Wassup? What’s up? How you doing? How is it going? How are you doing? Good morning/afternoon/evening Intro “ (very) nice/glad/pleased to meet you! How do you do? Parting after first meeting (very) nice/glad/pleased meeting you!

Review: Tools 1/1 Tools: www.thefreedictionary.com Also, the financial and legal dictionaries within and the Idioms section. // Check for the frequency of sentences googling them in quotes “……..” // Semantics of prototypes // Google advanced search: with pdf and site: .edu (US universities) or .ac.edu (UK universities) SUNECO’s library’s link to “online sources” (Open access journals)

FOEs 1/5 Economy Vs Economics - Information (uncountable: much information NOT many informations , NOT an information) Economy Vs Economics Security (against criminal actions) Vs Safety (against dangerous actions) Across (time, space whether real or abstract) Vs Through (space; means/tool) Frequent (a bar, a restaurant) Vs attend (a course/program/school) I study English Vs I study the English language Aim/Attempt at (+ N; V-ing) OR to (+ V-base form) - A + consonant sound! OR pronounced h : a house, a university An + vowel sound! OR mute h: an unpredictable even, an hour. - Principal (of a secondary school), head, chair (of a Department), dean (of a college) president (of a university)

FOEs 2/5 - Comparison and manner: As (+entire clause) like (+noun) - I’m graduated FROM Aversa high school I graduated FROM/AT Aversa high school - Such as (listing examples) as (in the function of) - Comparison and manner: As (+entire clause) like (+noun) Wal-Mart is one of the largest employers in the US. In fact it’s the largest (A dire il vero) Industry usually means productive sector. Plant, factory (are the words for the place where things are manufactured) When a word is not used because of its meaning but as a word to be dealt with, mark it somehow: The verb can expresses…; The verb “can” expresses…; The verb can expresses Matricola (the person) = freshman/freshmen Matricola (the number) = Student ID number

FOEs 3/5 What’s wrong in the sentence below? WRONG Is more correct to use “may” to mean permission. You need a subject! Io sono d’accordo  I agree with+N/ to +Vbase form (clause)…. [NOT: I am agree] A Facebook page is/isn’t useful to keep in touch [NOT for to keep in touch] Possessive case: The doctor’s house Vs X Dr. Smith’s house The consumer’s choice Vs The consumers’ choice BUT The child’s toy Vs The children’s toy BUT X Giordano’s book Vs The Giordano book

FOEs 4/5 (charts) April May June IN June ON May 23rd DURING the month Fall – fell – fallen WRONG: his trend is regular RIGHT: ???? ITA: media  ENG: mean (on average) Price varies according to volume WRONG: It is steadily for the first part RIGHT: It is steady. It levels steadily. It is steadily high. WRONG: After there is a slowly fall RIGHT: ???? WRONG: Before it varies RIGHT: ???? PREPOSITIONS April May June IN June ON May 23rd DURING the month AT the end of June

To enter If it refers to s.o. or s.t that moves into a place, to enter is transitive: A company enters the market But if it refers… [see activity] FOEs 5/5 One – first 1st Two – second 2nd Three – third 3rd Four – fourth 4th …… Twenty one – Twenty first 21st Twenty two – Twenty second 22nd Twenty third – Twenty third 23rd Twenty four – Twenty fourth 24th …. Thirty one – Thirty first 31st …..

FOEs 6 GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT MARKETING DOMESTICALLY DOMESTIC FLIGHTS

Review: Acconto: Down-payment or Advance payment? I would like our extended community of knowledge to solve the issue. Let’s state the issue by looking at the definitions of the two English words in the financial dictionary. The conclusion might also be along the lines: From a logical/semantic point of view, we should not use “advance payment”. However, language use is different in this specific domain.

Portfolio’s checklist Portfolio. At the end of the course you will be asked to submit your portfolio which will comprise at least the following material: Exercises and reports of the in-class activities with my comments and initials (at least: 60% of all the exercises/reports you will be requested in class) Texts generated for your project (at least: abstract/proposal, final paper, slides for a presentation) A lexicon structured according to your own organizing criteria (mandatory) Your curriculum vitae (mandatory) Two cover/application letters: one for a corporate position, the other for a graduate program abroad (at least one) A statement of goals for a graduate program, such as an MBA (Master’s degree in Business Administration) (mandatory) A table of contents and commentary (at least 400 words maximum 800) on the material included in your portfolio (mandatory)

Syntax: Conditional sentences 1/4 Italian and English speakers might build conditional sentences with double conditional mood (Se o saprei o direi) Or with double subjunctive mood (Si o sapisse o dicisse)

Syntax: conditional sentences 2/4 If/when I (get to) know it, I (will) say it to you ____________________________________

Syntax: conditional sentences 3/4 If I knew it, I said it to you If I would know it, I would say it to you If/when I (get to) know it, I (will) say it to you ____________________________________ If I had known it, I had said it to you If I would have known it, I would have said it to you

Syntax: conditional sentences 4/4 If I knew it, I said it to you If I would know it, I would say it to you If/when I (get to) know it, I (will) say it to you If I knew it, I would say it to you If I had known it, I would have said it to you If I had known it, I had said it to you If I would have known it, I would have said it to you

NOT FOR SUBMISSION Write a conditional sentence about the reading, “Why Kraft is on a crash diet”.

Paper outline & Presentation slides draft The blocks I expect in your projects Introduction Literature review Hypothesis/es OR research question/s (Methodology) Data/results Discussion Conclusion References Title and your name Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx xxxxxxx

Listen, buddy, I’m not too thrilled about this either Pretzel variety Listen, buddy, I’m not too thrilled about this either All right, let’s get this over with

Either “Bank operations” Or “Export-Import activities” Terminology activity The completed map MUST be in your portfolio Same structure/similar terms Different structure/Transparent terms Either “Bank operations” Or “Export-Import activities” Same structure/different terms Different structure/Opaque terms

Statement of goals 100 is the total number of bits of information you write 80 must talk about your future 20 must talk about your past and present The difficulty is to avoid granted and naïve rhetoric (i.e., “My favorite colors are Green, White and Red because they are the colors of our flag”

MUSTs & MUST-NOTs MINIMUM MUSTs MUST rephrase MUST cite sources MUST circumscribe your scope MUSTs for “GOOD/HARD WORK” assessment MUST carry out YOUR OWN analysis MINIMUM MUST-NOTs MUST NOT copy and paste MUST NOT hide sources MUST NOT write your paper in the slides MUST-NOTs for “GOOD/HARD WORK” assessment MUST NOT just repeat what other scholars wrote