1. Teaching/Learning strategies & Charts Sergio Pizziconi

2. Plan of the day Plan - Review - Q&A - Charts - Review - Q&A - Charts EXTRA-CLASS work: read Keep on working on your CVs and cover letter. Start to design your project. [if you send your proposal by email, pretend it is a “business letter” addressed to me as if we had never met before] Chapter 5, pp. 189-205 (Interpreting data) [Vs. datum] [mark verb and subject] [look for words you might use when comparing two or more sets of data in the same graphical representation] Cp R WDYM Library?

3. Review 1/6 Phonology: Vowels: exercises from /i/ to /a/ and from /u/ to / ɒ / (lowering your jaw) from /i/ to /u/ mind driven; puff of air (see IPA chart). // Where accent falls is relevant: 1) OBject (n.) – obJECT (v.), 2) if lost, stress the first syllable, you’re likely to sound right. // Stress movement shortens/weakens previously stressed vowels (also in writing): proNOUNce  pronunCIAtion // This Miss /s/ unvoiced These Ms. /z/ voiced// “gh” mute (though, thought) OR /f/ (rough, tough)

4. Review 2/6 Morphology: ADJ+ly  ADV; N+ly  ADJ // V+er  N(s.o./s.t. does V) // To+N(and most words)  V (google  to google; wow  to wow) // V + ance/ence  N (differ+ence, perfom+ance) // Help+less antonym help+ful // Adj+ en  V (to make s.o./s.t Adj) // Adj(max2syll.) + er  Adj (comparative: more Adj) Adj(max2syll.) + est  Adj (superlative: most Adj) BUT: good – better – best; bad – worse – worst // Singular: Thesis, Analysis, Hypothesis /s/ unvoiced Plural: Theses, Analyses, Hypotheses /z/ voiced // Datum (sing.) Data (pl.) Criterion, phenomenon (sing.) Criteria, phenomena (pl.)

5. Review 3/6 Syntax: Verbs: transitive Vs. intransitive (Direct object, Indirect object, Oblique object)// passive Vs. active (mentioned)// AUXILIARY verb for the perfect tenses (actually, aspect) ALWAYS to have (e.g., Things have changed) BUT: passive voice (e.g., Rules were changed by the CEO) or few constructions (e.g., are you finished?) // Phrasal verbs. Verb+ ADV or Prep. // Typical declarative sentence structure: Subj + Verb +….. Typical negative: Subject + do/does/did + not+ V(base form) Typical question: Do/Does/Did + Subject + V(base form) N.B. When some sort of auxiliary is already in the sentence USE IT instead of adding to do Emphatic statement Subj +do/does/did +V(base form) // Skoda is…, Italy/France/Japan is… [WITHOUT article] BUT The United States of America, The United Kingdom, The Netherlands // Once upon a time there was a small village in the country. The village was… In light of (mainly US) In the light of (mainly UK) [see FOEs for possessive case and article]//

6. Review 4/6 Syntax: Modal verbs: can, may, will, shall, must, could, might, would, should + BARE INFINITIVE (without to) Interrogative: MODAL + Subj + BARE INFINITIVE (must I go?) Negative: Subj + MODAL + not + BARE INFINITE (I mustn’t go, I cannot go OR I can’t go, I won’t go) They do not take to before or after: WRONG To may, to must, to could… WRONG WRONG I can to go, you may to talk… WRONG They do not take –s for 3° person singular WRONG he cans do, she mays do… WRONG They have no tense it’s a matter of distance from reality: Next year, I am/will be/can be/ may be/could be/might be in the UK

7. Review 5/6 Pragmatics: Do not pick on students or class fellows. //“See you later.”// Language varies across jobs. //Think it over before saying “No, this is wrong” Recommended: “Very interesting point/question. Let me point out though that…” or some sort of hedging (softening expression).// FORMAL: Dr. Pizziconi, your course is interesting [NOT: his/her]. INFORMAL: Sergio, your course is interesting. {“On a first name basis” “May I call you Sergio?”}.// How is it going? How (are) you doing? What’s up? Wassup? Sup?  It’s always Good.// Expectation of truthful statement. // Lag time between turns: When asking for questions, wait for a longer time.// Greetings (see next slide)// Tools: www.thefreedictionary.com Also, the financial and legal dictionaries within and the Idioms section. // Check for the frequency of sentences googling them in quotes “……..” // www.thefreedictionary.com Semantics of prototypes

8. Review 6/6 Pragmatics: InformalFormal GreetingsSup? Wassup? What’s up? How you doing? How is it going? How are you doing ? Good morning/afternoon/e vening Intro“(very) nice/glad/pleased to meet you! How do you do? Parting after first meeting (very) nice/glad/pleased meeting you!

9. FOEs 1/3 - Information (uncountable: much information NOT many informations, NOT an information) -Economy Vs Economics - Security (against criminal actions) Vs Safety (against dangerous actions) - Across (time, space whether real or abstract) Vs Through (space; means/tool) - Frequent (a bar, a restaurant) Vs attend (a course/program/school) -I study English Vs I study the English language -Aim/Attempt at (+ N; V-ing) OR to (+ V-base form) - A + consonant sound! OR pronounced h : a house, a university An + vowel sound! OR mute h: an unpredictable even, an hour.

10. FOEs 2/3 - I’m graduated FROM Aversa high school I graduated FROM/AT Aversa high school - Such as (listing examples) as (in the function of) - Comparison and manner: As (+entire clause) like (+noun) -Wal-Mart is one of the largest employers in the US. In fact it’s the largest (  A dire il vero) -Industry usually means productive sector. Plant, factory (are the words for the place where things are manufactured) -When a word is not used because of its meaning but as a word to be dealt with, mark it somehow: The verb can expresses…; The verb “can” expresses…; The verb can expresses

11. FOEs 3/3 What’s wrong in the sentence below? – Is more correct to use “may” to mean permission. You need a subject! Io sono d’accordo  I agree with+N/ to +Vbase form (clause)…. [NOT: I am agree] A Facebook page is/isn’t useful to keep in touch [NOT for to keep in touch] Possessive case: The doctor’s house Vs X Dr. Smith’s house The consumer’s choice Vs The consumers’ choice BUT The child’s toy Vs The children’s toy BUT X Giordano’s book Vs The Giordano book

12. Look at the chart. 2 lines: describe the trend of price 2 lines: describe the trend of exchange volume 3 lines: compare the two trends

13. Let’s take a look at the text-book Add “on” whenever you read “comment”.

14. Reading: Ben Sherman Any question? Start an individual worksheet. Entitle it, “Sentences”. Copy in a numbered list the sentences I will point you at. You will not submit this. ALWAYS BRING TO CLASS THIS WORKSHEET