1. Parts of Speech Notes

2. Part of Speech: Nouns  A naming word  Names a person, place, thing, idea, living creature, quality, or idea Examples: cowboy, theatre, box, thought, tree, kindness, arrival Types: 1. Singular Noun: Names one person, place, thing, etc… 2. Plural Noun: Names more than one person, place, thing, etc… 3. Common Noun: Names any person, place, thing, etc… 4. Proper Noun: Names a specific person, place, thing, etc… 5. Singular Possessive Noun: one noun (singular noun) that shows ownership of one or more 6. Plural Possessive Noun: a noun that shows more than one person, place, thing, etc. (plural noun) owns one or more

3. Noun Types 1. Singular Noun: Names one person, place, thing, etc… Examples: butterfly flower 2. Plural Noun: Names more than one person, place, thing, etc… Examples: bats 3. Common Noun: Names any person, place, thing, etc… Examples: Cat 4. Proper Noun: Names a specific person, place, thing, etc… Examples: Max

4. Noun Types Continued 5. Singular Possessive Noun: one noun (singular noun) that shows ownership of one or more How-To:  Add apostrophe ( ) s to the noun Examples: man’s camera camera’s flash 6. Plural Possessive Noun: a noun that shows more than one person, place, thing, etc. (plural noun) owns one or more How-To:  Most plural nouns already end in –s, so just add an apostrophe  If it does NOT end in –s, add apostrophe s Examples: people’s books dogs’ bone

5. Part of Speech: Verbs  A word that describes an action (doing something) or a state (being something) Types: 1. Action: show action 2. Helping: HELP show action 3. Linking: link things together

6. Verb Types Helping LinkingAction SwimFall DanceFly WalkTravel LookRemain ProveAppear Sound Forms of “to be” (am, is, are, was, were) Forms of “to become” Form of “to seem” LookRemain ProveAppear Sound Did fly Will fall Must read Do sound Has been Will remain Can be Action OR Linking DidMust WillHas Do Main Verbs

7. Part of Speech: Adjectives  A word that describes a noun  Tells you something about the noun Types: 1. Descriptive Adjectives: tells condition, shape, size, value, color 2. Quantitative Adjectives: tells quantity (how much or many) 3. Possessive Adjectives: possessive pronouns 4. Demonstrative Adjectives: help indicate a specific noun 5. Distributive Adjectives: refer to members of a group 6. Interrogative Adjectives: used in questions

8. Adjective Types 1. Descriptive: tells condition, shape, size, value, color Examples: Condition: hot, cold, rainy, sunny Shape: round, rectangular, square, oval Size: small, large, thin, long Value: beautiful, smart, shy, rich Color: red, blue, yellow, black 2. Quantitative: tells quantity (how much or many) Examples: whole, no, enough, all, some, little 3. Possessive Adjectives: (see pronouns) Examples: (mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs)

9. Adjective Types Continued 4. Demonstrative: help indicate a specific noun Examples: 1) this 2) that 3) these 4) those 5) former 6) latter 5. Distributive: refer to members of a group Examples: 1) each 2) every 3) either 4) Neither 6. Interrogative: used in questions Examples: 1) whose 2) what 3) which

10. Part of Speech: Adverbs  A word that describes a verb  Tells you how something is done  May tell you when or where something happened  Often ends in –ly Examples: Time: afterwards, already, always, immediately, last month, now, soon, then, yesterday Place: above, below, here, outside, over there, there, under, upstairs Manner: badly, happily, sadly, slowly, quickly, well, hard, fast Degree: almost, much, nearly, quite, really, so, too, very Frequency: again, almost, always, ever, frequently, generally, hardly ever, nearly, nearly always, never, occasionally, often, rarely, seldom, sometimes, twice, usually, weekly

11. Part of Speech: Pronouns  used instead of a noun to avoid repeating the noun Types: 1. Subject Pronoun: used as the subject of the sentence (the noun doing something) 2. Object Pronoun: used as the object of the sentence (the noun having something done to it) 3. Possessive Adjective: shows ownership & comes before the noun being possessed 4. Possessive Pronoun: shows ownership & comes after the noun being possessed 5. Reflexive Pronoun: refers back to the subject; the subject & object of the verb become the same

12. Pronoun Types

13. Part of Speech: Conjunctions  Join 2 words, phrases, clauses, or sentences together Types: 1. Coordinating Conjunctions: places between words, phrases, clauses, or sentences of equal importance 2. Subordinating Conjunctions: introduces a subordinate clause (less important)

14. Conjunction Types 1. Coordinating Conjunctions: places between words, phrases, clauses, or sentences of equal importance Examples: 1) For 2) And 3) Nor 4) 5) But 6) Or 7) Yet 8) So

15. Conjunction Types Continued

16. Part of Speech: Prepositions  Usually come before a noun, pronoun or noun phrase  They join the noun to some other part of the sentence and express the relationship between them Examples: Time: on Monday, at noon, in June, since 1990, for weeks, until fall Place: in, inside, on, at, over, above, under, below, near, by, next to Direction: to Introduce Object: smiled at her, approved of him, dreamed about her, waited for her

17. Part of Speech: Articles  Used to introduce a noun  There are only 3 (a, an, the) Types: 1. Indefinite Article: the noun is one among many; not a specific one; has not been mentioned to the reader yet 2. Definite Article: the specific identity of the noun is known to the reader; the noun has been previously mentioned

18. Article Types 1. Indefinite Article: the noun is one among many; not a specific one; has not been mentioned to the reader yet Examples: 1) A: used in front of nouns beginning with consonants a horse, a car 2) An: used in front of nouns beginning with vowels or vowel sounds an apple, an hour 2. Definite Article: the specific identity of the noun is known to the reader; the noun has been previously mentioned Example: 1) The

19. Article Types Continued Examples: Sarah arrived in a cab. The cab was red. There are hundreds of cabs; the one she arrived in was not a specific or particular cab (indefinite article) Now that the cab has been introduced, we are talking about THAT specific cab (definite article)