Unit 12: Introduction to Plants

Objectives ● I can describe 3 adaptations plants have made to live on land ● I can describe the advantages of 3 different plant tissues ● I can distinguish between vascular and nonvascular plants ● I can describe the 4 types of plants from simple to complex ● I can describe the 6 differences between monocots and dicots

Adaptations of Plants on Land #1 Absorbing Nutrients – To survive on land, plants evolved the ability to absorb mineral nutrients from the soil. Nodules full of nitrogen-fixing bacteria on the roots of a soy bean plant

Adaptations of Plants on Land #2 Preventing Water Loss – to survive on land, plants evolved a waxy outer covering called a cuticle and stomata for gas exchange.

Cuticle and Stoma Sketches Cuticle Cross Section Stoma

Adaptations of Plants on Land #3 Reproducing on Land – To survive on land, plants use pollen to reproduce without water. Pollen on an ant

Adaptations of Plant Tissues #1 Advantages of Conducting Tissues – Vascular plants have a system of well- developed tissues that transport water in a plant.

Adaptations of Plant Tissues #2 Advantages of seeds – Seeds protect and nourish a plants embryo

Adaptations of Plant Tissues #3 Advantages of Flowers – Flowers make reproduction more efficient by promoting pollination.

Kinds of Plants Nonvascular Plants –Small –Lack vascular tissue (A transport system) –Examples = moss, liverworts and hornworts simple complex This moss is used to determine levels of pollutants Liverworts in central Texas It’s easy to see how “Hornworts got their names!

Kinds of Plants Seedless Vascular Plants –Produce spores with thickened walls to prevent them from drying out. –Include ferns, club mosses, horse tails simple complex Spores on the underside of fern leaves. Horse tails Club mosses in Canada

Kinds of Plants Gymnosperms –Seed plants that produce cones instead of fruit –Include conifers, cycads and ginkgoes simple complex Cone of a pine tree The unique fan-like leaves of the ginkgo tree An old pine tree in California

Kinds of Plants Angiosperms –Seed plants that produce fruit and flowers. –Divided into 2 main groups (Monocots & Dicots) simple complex Sunflowers in a field Yep, grass flowers too A large Sugar Maple Tree

Monocots and Dicots HOW DO THEY GET THEIR NAMES?

Monocots and Dicots ▪This refers to the number of cotyledons. ▪Cotyledons are the “seed leaves” produced by the embryo. ▪The cotyledon stores nutrients for the plant

Monocots Vs Dicots Floral Parts in 3’sFloral Parts in 4’s or 5’s

Monocots Vs Dicots Parallel leaf veinsNet-like leaf veins

Monocots Vs Dicots Fibrous root systemTaproot System

Monocots Vs Dicots Vascular Tissue ScatteredVascular tissue in rings

Monocots Vs Dicots Seeds in 1 piece 1 Cotyledon (first leaf) Seeds in 2 pieces 2 Cotyledons (first leaves)

Monocots Verses Dicots Floral Parts in 3’sFloral Parts in 4’s or 5’s Parallel leaf veinsNet-like leaf veins Fibrous root systemTaproot System Vascular Tissue ScatteredVascular tissue in rings Seeds in 1 piece 1 Cotyledon (first leaf) Seeds in 2 halves 2 Cotyledons (first leaves) Includes: grass, lilies, orchids, and palm trees. Includes: Roses, oaks, sunflowers and most non- conifer trees.

Name that Angiosperm!! Monocot !

Name that Angiosperm!! Dicot!

Name that Angiosperm!! Monocot !

Name that Angiosperm!! Dicot!

Name that Angiosperm!! Monocot !

Name that Angiosperm!! Dicot!

Plants in our lives Fruits and vegetables Crops – corn, wheat, rice Trees - lumber Medicine – asprin, cancer drugs Fibers – cotton, rayon