1. Ch 24 & 25
Plants

2. PLANTS
Plants are thought to have evolved from multicellular aquatic green algae.

3. HOW DID PLANTS MOVE FROM WATER TO LAND?
Adapted ways to get nutrients from the soil.
Roots!
Mycorrhizae – symbiotic relationships between plants and fungi

4. Adapted ways to prevent water loss.
Cuticle – waxy layer
Stomata – pores that allow for the exchange of O2 and CO2 gas

5. Adapted ways to reproduce on land.
Developed pollen that moves on wind not water.

6. OTHER ADAPTATIONS
Vascular tissue to transport nutrients and water throughout the plant.

7. Two types of vascular tissue:
Xylem – tissue that moves water and minerals up from the roots
Phloem – tissue that moves food from the leaves to the rest of the plant

8. Seeds -
structures that contain the embryos of a plant.

9. TYPES OF PLANTS

10. NON VASCULAR PLANTS Lack of true roots, stems, and leaves
More primitive
Small size
Lack seeds
Require water for fertilization
Examples: Mosses, Liverworts, Hornworts

12. SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS
Have true roots, stems, and leaves
Have vascular tissue
Lack seeds, have spores,
Examples: Ferns, Horsetails, Whisk ferns

14. Gymnosperms Produce seeds which are found in cones
- Pollination through wind and animals
Examples: Conifers, Ginkgo, Cycads

15. Seeds contain everything the plant needs, including:
Protection – seed coat
Nutrition – stored food (endosperm)
Means to be spread
Ability to wait until sufficient water and sunlight are found

17. Angiosperms – flowering plants
Produce flowers, pollen and fruit
Seeds within the fruit
Reproduces by Pollination

18. Monocots
Seeds have one leaf
Flower parts are in 3s
Dicots
Seeds have two leaves
Flower parts are in s and 5s

20. There are four layers of parts in a flower:
Sepals – protects the flower
Petals – attract pollinators
Stamens – produce pollen (male)
Pistils – produce ovules (female)
anther
ovary
stigma

21. Flowers use color and smell to attract pollinators.
Flowering plants use animals to spread pollen and seeds because it’s more efficient than wind pollination.
Wind pollinated flowers are not colorful or smelly.

22. Moths are attracted to white flowers and strong odors.

23. Bees are attracted to bluish or yellow flowers and sweet nectar.

24. Hummingbirds are attracted to red flowers.

25. Bats are attracted to white flowers that open at night.

26. Flies are attracted to odors like rotting meat.

27. VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION
Vegetative reproduction – the reproduction of plants from non-reproductive plant parts, like stems, roots, and leaves. (asexual)
Advantage because it is faster than sexual reproduction in most plants.

28. Examples of plants that undergo vegetative reproduction:
Iris
Onion
Tulip
Potato

29. FRUIT VS. VEGETABLE
Fruits have seeds, vegetables do not.

34. PLANT LIFE CYCLE (2 FORMS)
Sporophyte – diploid cell
Gametophyte – makes sex cells

35. Why are seed plants so successful?
One reason is their use of cones, which are a collection of modified leaves (called “scales”)
Male cones = pollen cones
Female cones = seed cones

38. PLANT EXAMPLES
Bleeding hearts

39. PLANT EXAMPLES
Bug plant

40. PLANT EXAMPLES
Cobra Lily

41. PLANT EXAMPLES
Waterwheel plant

42. PLANT EXAMPLES
Voodoo Lily

43. PLANT EXAMPLES
Rafflesia arnoldii

44. PLANT EXAMPLES
Pitcher plant

45. PLANT EXAMPLES
Dracunculus vulgaris

46. PLANT EXAMPLES
Giantarum

47. PLANT EXAMPLES
Venus fly trap