April 14, 1865 April 14, 1865 – Lincoln was assassinated while attending a play at Ford’s Theater Murdered by John Wilkes Booth because thought would save the Confederacy VP Andrew Johnson became the new President Reconstruction Reconstruction – rebuilding the South and bringing Southern states back to the Union

Thirteenth Amendment Thirteenth Amendment – Abolished slavery The Freedmen’s Bureau The Freedmen’s Bureau : Provided food and medical care in the South Built schools for freedmen Forth Acres and a Mule Forth Acres and a Mule : Thaddeus Stevens asked Congress to break apart the South’s large plantations and give every freed slave “40 acres and a mule” Congress did not support his plan was in violation of Constitution

The Black Codes: Used to control former slaves 3 Served 3 purposes: Spelled out the rights of the freedmen (could marry, own property, work for wages, sue in court) Help planters find workers to replace slaves Keep freedmen at the bottom of the social order in the South (segregation)

1.Where was Lincoln assassinated? 2.Who assassinated Lincoln? Why? 3.Who replaced Lincoln’s presidency? 4.What was Reconstruction? 5.What is the Thirteenth Amendment? 6.How did the Freedmen’s Bureau help former slaves? 7.What did Thaddeus Stevens want to give every freed slave as payment for unpaid labor? 8.What were the three purposes served by the Black Codes?

Civil Rights Act of 1866 Civil Rights Act of 1866 – declared freedmen to be full citizens with the same rights as whites Johnson vetoed the bill as unconstitutional The Fourteenth Amendment: Declared former slaves to be citizens with full civil rights Johnson opposed amendment, but Republicans controlled Congress and voted it in

Military Reconstruction Act: Divided South into 5 military districts governed by a general and backed by federal troops New state governments set up under Johnson considered illegal New governments formed by loyal southerners to the Union Command of the Army Act Command of the Army Act – limited Johnson’s power over the Army

Tenure of Office Act Tenure of Office Act – stopped Johnson from firing without Senate consent Johnson disapproved felt what they were doing was unconstitutional To prove point fired one of the officials protected under the Tenure of Office Act

Impeachment of Johnson: Only crime was opposing Congress 2/3’s Senate has to find president guilty to remove him from office Johnson escaped removal by one voteSharecropping: Former slaves wanted land Former owners needed workers Planters divided land and rented to tenant farmers Tenants paid rent by sharing 1/3 or ½ of their crops raised on the plots

Few tenants ever earned enough to pay back what they owed Sharecropping led to a lifetime of poverty and debt instead of independence

1.What bill was designed by Congress declaring that freedmen were to be full citizens with the same rights as whites? 2.What amendment was created from the act above? 3.What part of Johnson’s Reconstruction plan was declared illegal? 4.What did Johnson do to prove his point that what Congress was being unconstitutional? 5.The House of Representatives did what in response to Johnson after he challenged them? 6.How much of the Senate is needed in order to find a president guilty in order to remove him from office? 7.What is sharecropping? 8.What was the result for freedmen who participated in sharecropping?

The South’s New Voters: Freemen, White Southerners who opposed the war and People from the North who moved to the south after the war The 1868 Election: Because African Americans voted, Ulysses S. Grant became president Republicans knew to stay in the White House they need African Americans The 15 th Amendment: Gave every MAN a right to vote

New State Constitutions: Set up new laws in the states: right to vote, no prison for debt and public schools for all New State Government: State offices were ran mostly by republicans; some where African Americans African Americans in Office: 1/5 of leaders where African Americans

Southerners were mad about the new laws and the raising of taxes They were really mad because formers slaves were now setting rules for them to follow White Terrorism: Ku Klux Klan was established to stop African Americans from gaining power They would threaten, beat, and even kill African Americans The Enforcement Acts: Congress passed 3 laws to prevent people from stopping others to vote

The Amnesty Act of 1872: The South wanted Amnesty so they could move on with their lives Forgiveness of Past offenses The Disputed Election of 1876: There was a controversy in the election because the South wanted the Democrats to win and the Republicans won by a stipulation The Compromise of 1877: Hayes stayed president and the South got to get control of their own land The south again took all of the control for white individuals

1.What 3 groups were allowed to vote in the South? 2.Which group of people was considered to be scalawags? Why? 3.Which group of people was considered to be carpetbaggers? Why? 4.What were the 2 candidates in the Election of 1868? Who won? 5.What was the Fifteenth Amendment? 6.After voting, what was the next plan for Reconstruction in the South? 7.What did governments do to rebuild the South? 8.How many of the new South’s officeholders were African American? 9.What was the most infamous secret society that wanted to drive African Americans out of politics? 10.Congress passed what act to combat terrorism against African Americans? 11.What act helped Democrats regain control of most of the South? 12.What was the Compromise of 1877?

Losing Ground in Education: The South pulled funding from schools and they began to close African Americans had no more free education Losing Voting Rights: South made laws that said that you must pay a tax to vote and take a literacy test This kept many African Americans from voting

Drawing a “Color Line”: The South also separated whites and blacks in many things in life (Jim Crow Laws) Plessy v. Ferguson: The court case was to stop the Jim Crow Laws Supreme Court said they were fine Many new Laws were created to separate whites and blacks

African Americans spoke out against the new laws and they were lynched and killedMigration: Moved to three areas: 1. North 2. The West 3. Liberia (African nation founded by free slaves) Self- Help: Those African Americans that stayed began to create businesses and schools and learned how to read and better their lives

1.How many African American children attended school in the South? 2.In the South, what 2 things did African American citizens have to do in order to vote? 3.What were the Jim Crow laws? 4.In the Plessy v. Ferguson case found that segregation laws did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment, why? 5.What did thousands of African Americans do in response to segregation in the South? 6.What increased from 2,000 to 25,000 in the South between 1865 and 1903?