Chapters 5 & 6 Organizing and Outlining the Speech

The General Purpose (Ch. 4) To inform To inform To persuade To persuade To entertain To entertain

The Specific Purpose (Ch. 4) Identifying precisely what it is your want your audience to know, believe, feel, or do. Identifying precisely what it is your want your audience to know, believe, feel, or do. –To inform the audience about how to set up a dwarf shrimp aquarium. –To persuade the audience to begin saving for retirement as soon as they graduate college. –To entertain the audience with 3 stories about student pranks at Trevecca.

Central Idea or Thesis (Ch. 4) What you say in early in the speech that tells the audience what your speech is about What you say in early in the speech that tells the audience what your speech is about Should be a direct, complete sentence. Should be a direct, complete sentence.

Introduction Open with impact/gain attention Open with impact/gain attention Establish goodwill & credibility Establish goodwill & credibility [Assure a fair hearing – important only in persuasion] [Assure a fair hearing – important only in persuasion] Introduce your subject – Thesis! Introduce your subject – Thesis! Preview your speech: Preview your speech: –“Tell ‘em what you’re going to tell ‘em”

The Body of the Speech: “Tell ‘em” I.Main point one (complete sentence) I.Main point one (complete sentence) a.Subpoint (may be fragment) b.Subpoint II.Main point two (complete sentence) II.Main point two (complete sentence) (Develop as above) III.Main point three (complete sentence) (Develop as above)

Conclusion Review central idea & restate the Main Points Review central idea & restate the Main Points –“Tell ‘em what you’ve told ‘em” Close with impact (impress when appropriate) Close with impact (impress when appropriate) [Reinforce belief or action desired; in persuasion only] [Reinforce belief or action desired; in persuasion only] End of PowerPoint for Exam One

Guidelines for Developing Main Points 2-4 main points 2-4 main points Only one idea per main point Only one idea per main point Unity with central idea – stay focused! Unity with central idea – stay focused! Relatively equal merit Relatively equal merit Relatively equal length Relatively equal length Simply worded Simply worded Complete sentences Complete sentences

Patterns of Organization (Organizing the Body of Your Speech)

Most Frequently Used in Informative Speeches Chronological (Time) Chronological (Time) Spatial (Physical space/geography) Spatial (Physical space/geography) Topical (Natural divisions of subject) Topical (Natural divisions of subject) Difficulty (easiest material first) Difficulty (easiest material first)

Pattern Used for Informative or Persuasive Speeches Logical Order Logical Order –Cause-to-effect –Effect-to-cause

Patterns Used for Persuasive Speeches Need-Plan (Problem-Solution) Need-Plan (Problem-Solution) Refutational (not in Ch. 5) Refutational (not in Ch. 5) Monroe’s Motivational Sequence (attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, action) (not in Ch. 5) Monroe’s Motivational Sequence (attention, need, satisfaction, visualization, action) (not in Ch. 5)

And Let’s Not Forget... Reviews (internal summaries) – “now that we’ve looked at.... let’s consider....” Reviews (internal summaries) – “now that we’ve looked at.... let’s consider....” Other Transitions: Other Transitions: –“First, second, third” –“First, next, finally” –“This brings me to” –“I also want us to consider....” etc.

The Outlining Process Start with a rough draft. Start with a rough draft. Turn in a complete outline (see examples on p. 178 and p. 185) with references. Turn in a complete outline (see examples on p. 178 and p. 185) with references. Get instructor’s comments; make revisions. Get instructor’s comments; make revisions. Put together a speaking outline (that only you will see!) Mention references during/throughout the speech. Put together a speaking outline (that only you will see!) Mention references during/throughout the speech.