Cold War Notes How to fight a war without actually fighting the war -or- The war of words

WWII Ends Germany gets divided into 4 sections (Yalta) Germany gets divided into 4 sections (Yalta) Democratic – West Germany Democratic – West Germany Communist – East Germany Communist – East Germany West Berlin – Democratic West Berlin – Democratic East Berlin – Communist East Berlin – Communist Soviet Union sets up buffer zones in Eastern Europe Soviet Union sets up buffer zones in Eastern Europe Berlin Airlift (1948 – 1949) Berlin Airlift (1948 – 1949) Soviets blockade supplies to West Berlin Soviets blockade supplies to West Berlin USA airlifts supplies for 1 year until Stalin lifts blockade USA airlifts supplies for 1 year until Stalin lifts blockade 1949 Germany is officially divided 1949 Germany is officially divided

Behind the Cold War Fighting of Diplomacy (no weapons Fighting of Diplomacy (no weapons Tensions between US and USSR escalate Tensions between US and USSR escalate Cold War Started after Bolshevik Revolution Cold War Started after Bolshevik Revolution Theory was communism spread Theory was communism spread USA citizens begin to worry USA citizens begin to worry

What to do with the Soviets Containment Theory – George Kennan Containment Theory – George Kennan GK never believed US and USSR would go to war GK never believed US and USSR would go to war He wanted to contain or block the Soviets and stop communism from spreading He wanted to contain or block the Soviets and stop communism from spreading Communism would either mellow or eventually break up Communism would either mellow or eventually break up Nazi Germans put up the Berlin Wall Nazi Germans put up the Berlin Wall

Examples of Containment Marshall Plan – aiding Western Europe against communism Marshall Plan – aiding Western Europe against communism CIA – financed the Christian Democrats in Italy in an election to defeat the Communists CIA – financed the Christian Democrats in Italy in an election to defeat the Communists Truman Doctrine – Giving aid to Greece and Turkey to fight Communism Truman Doctrine – Giving aid to Greece and Turkey to fight Communism NATO – military alliance formed against the Soviets by John Foster Dulles NATO – military alliance formed against the Soviets by John Foster Dulles SEATO SEATO CENTO CENTO ANZUS ANZUS Warsaw Pact – Formed by the Soviets to counteract these organizations Warsaw Pact – Formed by the Soviets to counteract these organizations

Why not bomb the Soviets into the stone age? WWII soldiers were not willing to fight and wanted to go home WWII soldiers were not willing to fight and wanted to go home US would have to occupy the largest nation in the world US would have to occupy the largest nation in the world US would have lost an land battle with the Soviets (e.g. Napoleon, Kaiser Wilhelm, Hitler) US would have lost an land battle with the Soviets (e.g. Napoleon, Kaiser Wilhelm, Hitler) A-Bombs would not have stopped them because of the largeness of their nation A-Bombs would not have stopped them because of the largeness of their nation

Major Players of the Cold War Josef Stalin – Soviet dictator Josef Stalin – Soviet dictator Marshal Tito – Leader of Communist Yugoslavia Marshal Tito – Leader of Communist Yugoslavia Truman – US president when cold war escalated Truman – US president when cold war escalated Eisenhower – US president whose foreign policy was based on containment Eisenhower – US president whose foreign policy was based on containment Mao Tse Tung - Communist China leader Mao Tse Tung - Communist China leader Nikita Khrushchev – Soviet leader who proclaimed “Peaceful Coexistence” with the west Nikita Khrushchev – Soviet leader who proclaimed “Peaceful Coexistence” with the west Fidel Castro – Cuban communist dictator Fidel Castro – Cuban communist dictator JFK – US president during Cuban Missile Crisis JFK – US president during Cuban Missile Crisis

Korean War – Communism tries to spread (first hot war of the cold war) 1943 – Cairo Conference – Korean would remain free and independent 1943 – Cairo Conference – Korean would remain free and independent Chaing Kai-Shek (China) Chaing Kai-Shek (China) Winston Churchill (Great Britain) Winston Churchill (Great Britain) FDR (USA) FDR (USA) After WWII After WWII North of 38 parallel - Communist North of 38 parallel - Communist South of 38 parallel - Democratic South of 38 parallel - Democratic

Korean War Continued 1949 national election 1949 national election South – democratic South – democratic North – communist North – communist Wanted unity but under their own form of government Wanted unity but under their own form of government

Korean War Continued June 1950 – NK marches across the 38 th parallel June 1950 – NK marches across the 38 th parallel U.N. security council votes to assist SK U.N. security council votes to assist SK Bulk of troops came from US Bulk of troops came from US Only wanted to contain communism Only wanted to contain communism Did not take any territory Did not take any territory

Events of the Korean War Macarthur gets fired Macarthur gets fired Wanted to advance on China Wanted to advance on China Wanted to completely destroy communism Wanted to completely destroy communism Gets canned by Truman for violating containment Gets canned by Truman for violating containment War ends in a stalemate War ends in a stalemate Objective of containment successful Objective of containment successful

Truce Terms 38 th parallel divides North Korea and South Korea 38 th parallel divides North Korea and South Korea U.N. Troops have to evacuate islands off of NK U.N. Troops have to evacuate islands off of NK

Results US and USSR had negative feelings escalated US and USSR had negative feelings escalated NK communist – poor and backwards NK communist – poor and backwards SK democratic – booming economy SK democratic – booming economy First time international team fought in another nation’s war First time international team fought in another nation’s war