2. The Cold War 1945-1991 Downloaded from www.SchoolHistory.co.uk

4. 1. WEST vs. EAST a. Describe the cartoon at the beginning of this presentation. b. List three characteristics of Capitalism. c. List three characteristics of Communism. WRITE!

5. YALTA (in the USSR) Date: Feb 1945 Present: Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin

6. Iron Curtain – A term used by Winston Churchill to describe the separating of Those communist lands of East Europe from the West.

7. Improve your knowledge The Russians took very high casualties to capture Berlin in May 1945. They spent the early occupation trying to take over all zones of the city but were stopped by German democrats such as Willy Brandt and Konrad Adenauer. Reluctantly the Russians had to admit the Americans, French and British to their respective zones.

8. POTSDAM (Germany) Date: July 1945 Present: Churchill, Truman and Stalin

9. Improve your knowledge The nuclear bomb gave America a lead which was expected to last at least 5 years. The rapid Russian development of nuclear technology, helped by the work of the “atom spies” was a shock. Significantly, Russia hurriedly declared war against Japan at the beginning of August 1945 and rushed to advance into Asia to stake out a position for the post- war settlement. This helped make both the Korean and Vietnamese conflicts more likely.

10. Truman Doctrine, 1947 1)Triggered by communist insurrections in Greece and Turkey 2) Promised U.S. aid to any nation fighting communism WRITE!

11. Marshall Plan 1) 1947-51: U.S. provided 9.4 billion to rebuild after WWII 2) Stalin refused to allow East to take part WRITE!

12. 1) Germany & Berlin divided at Potsdam into four zones 2) 1948: Three zones united into West Germany 3) Stalin blockaded West Berlin 4) 321 day airlift 5) Stalin withdrew blockade in 1949 6) Result: two Germanys, East and West Berlin Blockade and Airlift, 1948-49 Click Here for a newsreel clip of the Berlin Airlift! WRITE!

13. Increasing Cold War Tensions, 1950s-early 60s 1) 1949: Chinese Revolution 2) 1949: Soviets get atomic bomb 3) 1950-53: Korean War 4) 1959: Sputnik 5) 1960: U-2 incident 6) 1961: Bay of Pigs 7) 1961: Berlin Wall 8) 1962: Cuban Missile Crisis

14. 2. What was the “Cold War?” Tensions and differences that developed between the Soviet Union and the United States after World War II and lasting until 1990. EAST = Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, North Korea, China, North Vietnam, Communism, Warsaw Pact WEST = United States, Western Europe, South Korea, South Vietnam, Capitalism and Democracy, NATO WRITE!

15. 3. What were the two main causes of the Cold War? The spread of communism & the development of nuclear weapons! a. What actions by the Soviet Union after World War II caused Americans to become concerned? b. As a result, what was America’s policy toward communism? WRITE!

16. 4. What events almost caused World War Three? Berlin Airlift Korean War U-2 Spy Plane shot down over Soviet Union Cuban Missile Crisis WRITE!

17. 5. Korean War North Korea invaded South Korea – 1950 –Click on link above to see newsreel footage! North supported by China and Soviet Union South supported U.S. and allies. –U.S. wanted free elections in both Koreas, but the Soviet Union prevented them in the North. War became stalemate when U.S. threatened the use of nuclear weapons. Never signed a peace treaty – only cease-fire agreement in 1953. READ!

18. 6. U-2 Spy Plane Incident An American pilot was shot down over Russian airspace and taken prisoner. Soviet leader Nikita Khruschev left summit meeting in Paris angry. Fears of Soviet nuclear retaliation spread. U.S. traded Russian KGB spy for the U-2 spy plane pilot. READ!

19. 7. Cuban Missile CrisisCuban Missile Crisis Russians were building missile launching sites in Cuba, 90 miles from Florida. U.S. spy plane took pictures of the sites. Russians began shipping nuclear missiles to Cuba. President John Kennedy ordered a blockade of Cuba by U.S. Navy. Russians backed down and took missiles back home. READ! Click Title

20. 8. 70’s Détente Tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union calmed down during the 1970’s Presidents Richard Nixon and Jimmy Carter helped keep the peace between communism and democracy. Vietnam War ended. East and West Germany began trading again. Soviets withdrew from occupied regions of Eastern Europe. READ!

21. 9. Wrap-up! Answer the essential question for this day’s lesson on the same paper you took notes on. Use complete sentences in paragraph form. Basically, summarize what the Cold War was, what caused it, and what were some major events. (3 things!) WRITE!