WHS AP Psychology Unit 1: Science of Psychology Essential Task 1-3: Trace the growth of psychology with specific attention to structuralism and functionalism.

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WHS AP Psychology Unit 1: Science of Psychology Essential Task 1-3: Trace the growth of psychology with specific attention to structuralism and functionalism in the early years.

We are here The Science of Psychology Approaches to Psych Growth of Psych Research Methods Statistics DescriptiveCorrelationExperiment Case Study Survey Naturalistic Observation DescriptiveInferential Ethics Sampling Central Tendency Variance Careers

Essential Task 1-3: Early Psychology –First Lab – Wundt –Structuralism – Titchner –Functionalism – William James Psychoanalytic – Freud Behaviorism – Pavlov, Watson and Skinner Cognitive Revolution Contemporary Trends in Psychology Outline

Early Psychology - Wundt Wilhelm Wundt opened the first psychology laboratory at the University of Liepzig in  By insisting on measurement and experimentation he moves psychology from a philosophy to a science Outline This is my lab!

Structuralism  Bradford Titchner  School of psychology that stressed the basic units of experience (physical sensation, feelings, and memories) and the combinations in which they occur.  Study these ‘atoms of experience’ to get the structure of the mind

Break this down to its atoms of experience How do you know what this is? How is your mind structured in order to perceive it?

So what is this?

And this? How’s structuralism working for you now?

Functionalism  William James  Rejects Structuralism  Influenced by Darwin  Functionalism –theory of mental life and behavior that is concerned with how an organism uses its perceptual abilities to function in its environment.  Functionalists wanted to the whole system of mental processes rather than focusing on the tiny elements elements of consciousness  Functionalism also emphasized individual differences, which had a profound impact on education.

Structuralism vs. Functionalism How would each study this situation?

Psychodynamic Psychology Sigmund Freud Behavior results from forces at work within the individual, often at an unconscious level. Often formed during childhood. Late 1800s Since the person can’t access their own unconscious, it is hard to prove or disprove this theory scientifically.

Psychodynamic = Unconscious

Behaviorism Studied only observable behaviors Studied how organisms learn behaviors. Classical Conditioning – learning that results from things happening to you. –Ivan Pavlov – Dogs –John B. Watson – Baby Albert Operant Conditioning – learning that results from getting rewards or punishments. –B.F. Skinner – Skinner Box

Behaviorism

The Cognitive Revolution The precursors to cognitive psychology: –Gestalt psychology Study of how we perceive objects as whole patterns Therapy that wishes to treat the whole person –Humanistic psychology Emphasizes realization of full potential Recognizes importance of love, self esteem, belonging, and self-actualization

The Cognitive Revolution Study of mental processes  Thinking  Learning  Feeling  Remembering  Decision making

New Directions in Psychology Evolutionary psychology –Studies the adaptive value of behaviors and mental processes Positive psychology –Study of the subjective feelings of happiness and well-being –Focus is on positive attitude