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Science of Psychology AP Psychology Essential Task:
Trace the growth of psychology with specific attention to structuralism and functionalism in the early years. Logo Green is R=8 G=138 B= Blue is R= 0 G=110 B=184 Border Grey is R=74 G=69 B=64
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The Science of Psychology
Approaches to Psych Growth of Psych Research Methods Statistics Descriptive Correlation Experiment Case Study Survey Naturalistic Observation Inferential Ethics Sampling Central Tendency Variance Careers We are here
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Essential Task: Early Psychology Psychoanalytic – Freud
Outline Early Psychology First Lab – Wundt Structuralism – Titchner Functionalism – William James Psychoanalytic – Freud Behaviorism – Pavlov, Watson and Skinner Cognitive Revolution Contemporary Trends in Psychology
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Early Psychology - Wundt
Wilhelm Wundt opened the first psychology laboratory at the University of Liepzig in 1879. By insisting on measurement and experimentation he moves psychology from a philosophy to a science This is my lab! Philosophy science Outline
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Structuralism Bradford Titchner
School of psychology that stressed the basic units of experience (physical sensation, feelings, and memories) and the combinations in which they occur. Study these ‘atoms of experience’ to get the structure of the mind
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Break this down to its atoms of experience
How do you know what this is? How is your mind structured in order to perceive it? 6
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So what is this? 7
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And this? How’s structuralism working for you now?
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Functionalism William James
Rejects Structuralism Influenced by Darwin Functionalism –theory of mental life and behavior that is concerned with how an organism uses its perceptual abilities to function in its environment. Functionalists wanted to the whole system of mental processes rather than focusing on the tiny elements elements of consciousness Functionalism also emphasized individual differences, which had a profound impact on education.
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Structuralism vs. Functionalism
How would each study this situation?
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Psychodynamic Psychology
Sigmund Freud Behavior results from forces at work within the individual, often at an unconscious level. Often formed during childhood. Late 1800s Since the person can’t access their own unconscious, it is hard to prove or disprove this theory scientifically.
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Psychodynamic = Unconscious
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Behaviorism Studied only observable behaviors
Studied how organisms learn behaviors. Classical Conditioning – learning that results from things happening to you. Ivan Pavlov – Dogs John B. Watson – Baby Albert Operant Conditioning – learning that results from getting rewards or punishments. B.F. Skinner – Skinner Box
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Behaviorism
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The Cognitive Revolution
The precursors to cognitive psychology: Gestalt psychology Study of how we perceive objects as whole patterns Therapy that wishes to treat the whole person Humanistic psychology Emphasizes realization of full potential Recognizes importance of love, self esteem, belonging, and self-actualization
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The Cognitive Revolution
Study of mental processes Thinking Learning Feeling Remembering Decision making
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New Directions in Psychology
Evolutionary psychology Studies the adaptive value of behaviors and mental processes Positive psychology Study of the subjective feelings of happiness and well-being Focus is on positive attitude
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