1 Early British Colonies Chapter 1 Section 3

2 John Smith Joined Virginia Company Group of merchants who intended to start a colony in North America Landed near Chesapeake Bay in 1607 Built a fort to protect the first English settlement in North America, Jamestown See p. 22

3 Problems from the Beginning Funding Unlike Spanish colonies, which were funded by the Spanish rulers, English colonies were funded by joint-stock companies, who invested money to support a colony hoping to make a profit  Expected a quick return Colonists neglected farming in hopes of finding gold or silver to satisfy the investors

4 Problems from the Beginning Consequences: Famine Diseases from drinking contaminated water John Smith was able to hold the colony together Forced the colonists to farm Formed relations with the Powhatan peoples, who helped support the colony

5 Pocahontas Only years old at the time Captain Smith claimed she saved his life by throwing herself onto him to save him from a beating Unclear whether Smith was actually going to be beaten Married John Rolfe No romantic relationship with John Smith

6 Tobacco Eventually, the colonists learned to grow tobacco Became a very profitable export Needed field laborers Indentured servants  Received passage to America, food, and shelter upon arrival in exchange for 4-7 years worth of labor  Mostly from England’s lower class

7 Clashes with Native Americans Desire for more and more land led to conflict with the Native Americans Unlike the Spanish, the English conquest over the native peoples was total and complete They did not intermarry Colonists living on the outskirts of the colonies constantly fought with Native Americans

8 New England Pilgrims A group of Puritans, known as Separatists because they wanted to separate themselves from the English church Came to North America on the Mayflower  Founded Plymouth Colony in 1620, the second permanent English colony in North America The Mayflower Compact Outlined the government to be used in the colony Important landmark in the development of American democracy

9 New England Massachusetts Bay Colony Established by another group of Puritans in 1630 seeking religious refuge  Boston became a thriving port city Led by Puritan Leader John Winthrop Plymouth was eventually incorporated into the Massachusetts Bay Colony

10 New England Puritans Came to America to practice their own religion  Were not tolerant of other religions Roger Williams  Disagreed with some Puritan practices Declared English settlers had no rightful claim to the land unless they purchased it from the natives Argued every person should be free to worship according to his or her conscience  Founded Providence and guaranteed religious freedom

11 Native American Resistance Natives had helped colonists Provided them with land and gave agricultural advice Colonists began to settle more and more land Native Americans began to fear an end to their way of life Resented the colonists’ efforts to convert them and some of their laws  Such as no hunting or fishing on Sundays How would you react if you were a Native American?

12 King Philip’s War Tension continued to rise for 40 years Metacom (Wampanoag chief)  Referred to as King Philip by the English  Formed an alliance with other tribes in an attempt to wipe out the colonists King Philip’s War begins in 1675 Natives burned outlying settlements Colonists responded by killing many natives, even those from friendly tribes

13 King Philip’s War Brutality lasted over a year Natives finally surrendered or fled  Heavy casualties  Food shortages  Disease

14 Middle Colonies The Dutch established a colony, New Netherland Thrived on fur trading 1664  English took over the colony Renamed it New York after the duke of York

15 Middle Colonies  Charles II (new English king) Gave large portions of land to William Penn  In return for a debt owed to Penn’s father Penn establishes Pennsylvania and Delaware Penn belonged to a Protestant sect known as the Quakers  Rejected war and promoted equality  Paid natives for any new land they acquired

16 Thirteen Colonies 1600s-1700s  More British colonies were established for many reasons Maryland North Carolina South Carolina Georgia By 1752, the Crown had begun to exercise more and more control over colonial economies and governments

17 Thirteen Colonies Existed primarily for the benefit of England Colonies exported raw materials to England  Lumber and fur Imported manufactured goods from England Original 13 colonies: Represented a wide variety of people, skills, motives, industries, resources, and agricultural products Colonizing Country Colony Raw materials Manufactured goods

18 Mercantilism European nations competed for wealth and power through mercantilism Theory of Mercantilism A nation can increase its wealth in one of two ways:  Obtain as much gold and silver as possible  Establish a favorable balance of trade What would be a favorable balance of trade?

19 Mercantilism Colonies were key to this process They provided the raw materials that could not be found in the home country  See the colonies on p. 29, answer Geography Skillbuilder To tighten control of colonial trade, English Parliament passed the Navigation Acts in 1651 Read the Navigation Acts on p. 28 How do the acts benefit England? What about the colonies?

20 Colonial Government Governor  Appointed by the Crown served as the highest authority Could veto laws of the Assembly Advisory council  Appointed by the Governor Colonial Assembly  elected by the landowning white males Raised money through taxes and initiated and passed laws Paid the governor’s salary

21 Growing Self-Determination Self-government Created conditions for a potential rebellion Desired more economic and political breathing room Read “A Personal Voice” on p. 30

22 HW Critical Thinking #3 and #4  At least 4 sentences each  8 pts. Movie Clip The Diversity of Colonial Communities  24 min.