The Jefferson Era

Election of 1800 Federalists nominate Adams again; Republicans nominate Adams’ VP, Thomas Jefferson Federalists nominate Adams again; Republicans nominate Adams’ VP, Thomas Jefferson For the first time, political parties really begin attacking each other in their campaigns For the first time, political parties really begin attacking each other in their campaigns –Adams is portrayed by Republicans as a monarchist who wants to set himself up as king –Jefferson is portrayed a pro-revolution radical set on destroying the national government

Jefferson and Aaron Burr both receive 73 electoral votes Jefferson and Aaron Burr both receive 73 electoral votes –Adams gets only 65 votes –The tie creates a BIG problem: Who would be President?

House of Representatives votes on who will be the next President House of Representatives votes on who will be the next President –After 36 different votes, Jefferson finally wins the vote and becomes President –Burr becomes VP

Jefferson Wins Out The House of Rep. is forced to vote to decide the winner The House of Rep. is forced to vote to decide the winner –After 36 votes, Jefferson finally wins and becomes the 3 rd U.S. president; Burr is VP and NOT happy –Leads to the 12 th Amendment, which makes separate ballots for the President and VP

Jefferson’s Inauguration Jefferson was less formal than Washington and Adams Jefferson was less formal than Washington and Adams –Walked to the new Capitol building to give his first speech; didn’t think the leader of a republic should ride in a fancy carriage Jefferson was excited about the construction of the new capital city Jefferson was excited about the construction of the new capital city –Free from any state influence

The White House Then and Now

Jefferson in Office As leader of the new Democratic-Republican party, Jefferson had many things to accomplish As leader of the new Democratic-Republican party, Jefferson had many things to accomplish –First, he hand-picked his cabinet, including future president James Madison

Jefferson also wanted to limit the role of the national government Jefferson also wanted to limit the role of the national government –Let the Alien & Sedition Acts expire –Cut the size of the American military; would use the extra money to pay off national debt –Searched for ways to get rid of domestic taxes, like the one on whiskey

Once Against, Now For... The National Bank The National Bank –Although he once fought against it, he was later convinced to leave it alone because it raised a lot of money for the government

First Major Court Case Marbury v. Madison Marbury v. Madison –Federalists still dominated the Judicial branch –The night before leaving office, Adams created several new federal “judgeships” and appointed Federalists to these new positions –However, because they happened so late, many of them were never properly delivered to Congress in time

What happened next... What happened next... –William Marbury was supposed to receive one of these positions, but Jefferson would not approve Adams’ “midnight judges” –Marbury asked the Supreme Court to help out, which was headed by a Federalist chief justice named John Marshall

Jefferson believed that the Federalist Marshall would agree with Marbury Jefferson believed that the Federalist Marshall would agree with Marbury –But he actually ruled that the Supreme Court did not have the authority to change Jefferson’s decision; ruled the “midnight judges” were unconstitutional –Established the Supreme Court’s power of judicial review (can declare laws unconstitutional)

Homework Read pages Read pages Answer 1-3 all parts on page 270. Answer 1-3 all parts on page 270.

F.O.A. (Bellwork) 1. 1.Who were the first five presidents? What was one major accomplishment of each?

EQs Who were the first five presidents, what years were each of them in office, and what was one major accomplishment for each of the five men? (8.6 spi 1) Who were the first five presidents, what years were each of them in office, and what was one major accomplishment for each of the five men? (8.6 spi 1) What were the causes and effects of the Lewis and Clark expedition? (8.5 spi 4) What were the causes and effects of the Lewis and Clark expedition? (8.5 spi 4)

This week Today: Lewis and Clark notes and map Today: Lewis and Clark notes and map Wednesday: Test review Wednesday: Test review Thursday: Mini-benchmark Thursday: Mini-benchmark Friday: Projects due; those who don’t finish will call their parents. Friday: Projects due; those who don’t finish will call their parents.

The Louisiana Purchase

By the early 1800s, Spain was growing tired of trying to maintain the large territory of Louisiana By the early 1800s, Spain was growing tired of trying to maintain the large territory of Louisiana

In 1802, Spain secretly traded the land over to France In 1802, Spain secretly traded the land over to France –Napoleon, France’s emperor, wanted to use it to control all of North America –France was at war with Britain; Napoleon had already conquered much of Europe

Before trading LA, Spain once again closed the NOLA port to the U.S. Before trading LA, Spain once again closed the NOLA port to the U.S. –Jefferson sends James Monroe to buy only the port of New Orleans from France –Napoleon needs money for war, so he sells the whole territory for $15 million

Jefferson wasn’t happy at first Jefferson wasn’t happy at first –Strict constructionist; Constitution said nothing about buying new lands –Agrees, however, that it is a good thing in the end; doubles the size of America

Gotta Scope It Out...

Lewis & Clark Expedition Nobody really knew what was in the new Louisiana Territory Nobody really knew what was in the new Louisiana Territory Jefferson hires Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to check it out Jefferson hires Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to check it out –They are aided by Sacagawea, a female Indian who interprets for them

Lewis & Clark travel almost 8,000 miles during their expedition Lewis & Clark travel almost 8,000 miles during their expedition –Never find the Pacific Ocean though

The Coming of War Britain & France both began violating America’s neutrality Britain & France both began violating America’s neutrality –Began stealing supplies off American trade ships –The British began forcing some American sailors to serve in the British navy (impressment)

The U.S. responds by passing the Embargo Act The U.S. responds by passing the Embargo Act –Embargo – The banning of trade –The U.S. basically stopped all trade with everyone; didn’t work

The Embargo Act hurt the U.S. more than it helped; trashed it and then passed another embargo against France & Britain The Embargo Act hurt the U.S. more than it helped; trashed it and then passed another embargo against France & Britain –Had the same effect basically; not very good

Homework Draw and color the U.S. just as you see it on page 273. Leave out Canada and the purple part. Draw and label the Mississippi River. Draw and label Lewis’ return Include a key and label all the territories.