1. Ch.3

2.  Jefferson vs. Adams----rematch from 1796 election  Thomas Jefferson- leader of Democratic-Republicans  John Adams- incumbent president  Election of 1800  Jefferson defeated Adams by 8 electoral votes but his running mate (Aaron Burr) tied him  House of Rep. was called to break the tie  Alexander Hamilton convinced his supporters (Federalists) to cast blank votes  Jefferson won majority vote by 2  Flawed system  Revealed a flaw in the electoral process  Led to 12 th Amendment: President & VP are placed on same ballot and voters vote for that party together

3.  Jefferson believed people should control the government and a simple gov. is best suited to peoples needs  Cutting Costs  Reduced size of army  Halted expansion of Navy  Lowered expenses for gov. social functions  Eliminated internal taxes  Washington, D.C.  Jefferson was the first president to take office in the new capital  Changed the influence of the South on federal politics

4.  President Adams tried to influence future political decisions by appointing Federalists to the Supreme Court  Signed documents outlining these apts. were not delivered before he left office  Jefferson ordered that these apts. were invalid  Marbury vs. Madison- 1803  Federalists chief justice John Marshall declared that the Judiciary Act of 1789 (would have forced Madison to hand over papers) was UNCONSTITUTIONAL  Established principle of Judicial Review: ability of Supreme Court to declare a law unconstitutional

5.  1800 Napoleon persuaded Spain to return the Louisiana Territory back to France  All lands from Mississippi River to the Rocky Mts.  Americans feared an increase in French presence would force us into an alliance with GB  Louisiana Purchase (1803)  Napoleon offered to sell the Louisiana Territory to the U.S.  $15 million sale price  Doubled the size of U.S.---- 828,000 square miles of land  Lewis & Clark- 1804  Meriwether Lewis & William Clark  Led a expedition of the newly purchased land  Returned with valuable information about the West (Indians, resources, etc.)  Showed transcontinental travel was possible

7.  Background  Developed Virginia Plan  “Father of the Constitution”  Sec. of State for 8 yrs. under Jefferson  Defeated C.C. Pinkney easily to win the 1808 election

8.  Causes 1. Impressment: British seizing of American people/ships and forcing them into the British Navy 2. British officials in Canada were supplying Native Americans with weapons to fight against the colonists  Course of War  British occupied mostly with Napoleon in Europe  British capture Washington D.C.--- burned the Capitol building, Whitehouse & government buildings  Battle of New Orleans  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50_iRIcxsz0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=50_iRIcxsz0  U.S. led by Gen. Andrew Jackson (Tenn.)  British & U.S. had already signed a peace agreement  Jackson didn’t receive the news in time and defeated the British  Treaty of Ghent- officially ended the war

9.  James Monroe- elected in 1816 (**5 th President**)  Sec. of State under Madison  Established foreign policy based on nationalism- national interest should be placed ahead of regional concerns  Monroe’s Agenda 1. National Security 2. Expansion  Convention of 1818  Established U.S. border @ 49 th parallel from Michigan to Rocky Mts.  Agreement with British to jointly occupy the Oregon Territory  Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) - FL transferred from Spain to the U.S.

11.  Causes  Russia started establishing trading posts in CA  Threatened our trade with China  Spain & Portugal tried to reclaim colonial areas  Americans wanted to colonize N. Mexico & Cuba  1823 Pres. Monroe warned European powers not to interfere with affairs in the Western Hemisphere 1. Cannot be colonized 2. Governments cannot be overthrown 3. Interference would warrant military action by the U.S. 4. U.S. also would not interfere with European affairs