1. Jeffersonian Era

2. Election of 1800 Jefferson and Aaron Burr tied for President
Both are Democratic-Republican
Constitution called for the House of Representatives to decide the tie
Tie is eventually broken in Jefferson’s favor
Hamilton convinces Federalists to support Jefferson
Future problems avoided with 12th Amendment
Electors vote on the President and Vice-President separately in electoral college
1st peaceful transfer of power from one party to another in modern government
Federalists to Dem-Rep.
Transfer was in White house and in Congress
Last time the Federalists had National power
Laissez-faire gov’t: cut taxes and cut gov’t bureacracy; national debt is cut in ½
“REVOLUTION OF REPUBLICANISM”

3. Judicial Review Midnight Judges appointed by Adams
Attempt by Adams to keep Federalist influence in government
Jefferson refused to recognize judges
Judges were appoint as Adams was leaving the White House and the letters are not delivered
Marbury vs. Madison
Established the principle of Judicial Review
John Marshall is Chief Justice of Supreme Court
Political enemy of Jefferson
35 years as Chief Justice and 1,000 cases
Case declares parts of Judiciary Act unconstitutional
Supremacy Clause is protected with the Federal over the States
Establishes the principle of Judicial Review
Court can declare laws to be unconstitutional
Implied powers
Used more for state laws than federal

4. Western Expansion Louisiana Purchase (1803) Mississippi to Rockies
Trying to avoid war with France
Napoleon agrees as he needs the money to fight war
Lewis and Clark Expedition (1809)
Explore, inform, discover, map the territories and their lands
Sacajowea
Helps/leads the expedition due to her knowledge of the territory and her language ability
Indian Conflicts
Encouraged by the British
Unfair treaties : Indians signed over land but were forced to and did not understand what they were signing
Tecumseh’s League: union of Native Americans to forcefully resist American expansion
Battle of Tippecanoe: led by William Harrison and was a surprise attack in the village and it was burned

5. Foreign Affairs US Neutrality between Britain and France???
Needed trade with both sides
Making money (59 million one year)
Trading primarily with France (reexporting)
British began impressment of sailors (6,000 by 1809)
Loosing markets to the US
Needed sailors for navy to fight Napoleon
Jefferson gets Embargo Act passed to cut off trade with Britain. Hurts U.S. business more than Britain
No navy but didn’t want to be seen as weak
Lifted in a year and admitted it didn’t work
War Hawks emerge
Farmers and settlers in the South and West who supported a war with Britain
Possibility of gaining additional lands – Canada and Florida
Revenge for British helping Indians
British did not play into War Hawks’ plan