1. The Revolution of 1800

2. Essential Questions What actions did John Adams take as president?
Why was the election of 1800 a turning point?
How did Jefferson reduce the power of the federal government?
What is judicial review?
How did Jefferson achieve his program in the west?
How did Jefferson respond to increasing tensions with Europe?

3. Key Terms XYZ affair Alien and Sedition Acts
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
6-2 & 6-3
agenda
bureaucracy
midnight judge
Marbury v. Madison
judicial review
Louisiana Purchase
Lewis and Clark expedition
embargo

4. John Adams and the French
Adams sent officials to France; they were upset about Jay's Treaty.
When the officials arrived, they were met by three secret agents of the French foreign minister.
The agents demanded a bribe of $250,000 and a $12 million loan before the officials would be allowed to talk to the foreign minister.

5. John Adams and the French
Insulted, the officials returned to America.
The public was happy they refused to pay the bribe and became angry with the French.
In the press, the agents were not identified – they were called “agents X, Y and Z.”
This became known as the XYZ Affair.

6. John Adams and the French

7. John Adams and the French
The XYZ Affair led to an undeclared war between France and the United States.
Both sides attacked each others ships at sea and seized merchant ships.

8. Alien and Sedition Acts
Adams used the war as an opportunity to pass laws that would strengthen the federal government.
He increased the size of the army (to 80,000) and navy.
He raised taxes to pay for these increases.
He got the Alien Act passed, which let him deport foreigners.
He got the Sedition Act passed, which made it a crime to criticize the government or its officials.

10. Alien and Sedition Acts
The Sedition act was used against Republicans were convicted of speaking against Adams.
Republicans believed this was against the Constitution.
Jefferson and Madison wrote resolutions for Kentucky and Virginia's state governments.
They said that states had the right to decide if acts of Congress were legal.
According to the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, states can decide not to follow federal laws they think are unconstitutional.

12. Alien and Sedition Acts
The Sedition act was used against Republicans were convicted of speaking against Adams.
Republicans believed this was against the Constitution.

13. Alien and Sedition Acts
Jefferson and Madison wrote resolutions for Kentucky and Virginia's state governments.
They said that states had the right to decide if acts of Congress were legal.
According to the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, states can decide not to follow federal laws they think are unconstitutional.

14. Election of 1800
Adams won New England and New Jersey, with 65 electoral votes.
Jefferson won the rest of the states, ending up with 73 electoral votes.
The Adams administration peacefully stepped down, and Jefferson became the first President to live in Washington, DC.

15. Reducing Government
Jefferson refused to deliver speeches, saying it was something a king would do.
He worked with Congress to reduce the size of the federal bureaucracy – the departments that make up the government.
For example, the attorney general's secretary was fired, and the army was reduced to 3,000 men.

16. Judicial Review
Adams had appointed William Marbury as a judge for Washington, DC, on his way out of office.
When Jefferson came in, he told his secretary of state, James Madison, to stop the paperwork that would make Marbury a judge.
Marbury sued Madison, claiming the Judiciary Act of 1789 allowed the court to force him to complete the paperwork.

17. Judicial Review
The Supreme Court, under Chief Justice John Marshall, ruled that the Judiciary Act of 1789 did force Madison to complete the paperwork.
However, the court said, the Judiciary Act was unconstitutional.
It gave the Judicial Branch too much power over the Executive Branch, violating the system of checks and balances.
This established judicial review – the power of the Supreme Court to rule federal laws unconstitutional.

19. The Louisiana Purchase
Jefferson sent officials to France to buy the city of New Orleans for $10 million.
Napoleon, Emperor of France, offered to sell the US all of its land in North America for $15 million.
Although the Constitution didn't say he could do so, Jefferson bought the Louisiana territory for $15 million.

22. Election of 1804
Jefferson's Vice President, Aaron Burr, killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel, and Jefferson easily won re-election, , over Federalist Charles Pinckney of South Carolina.

23. Trouble with Europe
By 1807, Jay's Treaty had expired and France and England were back at war.
Both sides were stopping American shipments to the other side.
In addition, Britain had been capturing sailors.
The British ship Leopard had fired on the American Chesapeake, killed 21 sailors, and boarded it to search for British subjects.

24. Trouble with Europe
Jefferson passed the Embargo Act in 1807, which stopped all American shipping with both countries.
The embargo was horrific for the American economy – especially in New England, which relied on shipping.
England and France were largely unaffected.
His Secretary of State, James Madison, was elected President in 1808.