Imperialism

Motives for Imperialism

Motives for Imperialism Economic- need for new markets and raw materials Political– boost national pride, expand territory, exercise military force Social- racism, Social Darwinism, spread Christianity, white man’s burden

Forms of Colonial Control Forms of Imperialism Characteristics African Example Colony Country governed internally by a foreign power Somaliland by France Protectorate Country with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power Niger River Delta by Britain Sphere of Influence Area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges Liberia by the United States

Management Methods Indirect Control Direct Control Characteristics -Local officials were used -Limited self-rule -Goal to develop future leaders -Govt’s based on European styles, but may have local rulers -Foreign officials brought into rule - No self-rule -Gold assimilation -Govt’s institutions based only on European styles Examples -British colonies such as Nigeria, India, Burma -U.S. colonies on Pacific Islands -French colonies such as Somaliland, Vietnam -German colonies such as Tanganyika

Scramble for Africa 1882- King Leopold II of Belgium claims the Congo Claims to end slavery 1880- Scramble for Africa begins Berlin Conference in 1884-85 Africa divided with little thought to how African ethnic or linguistic groups were distributed By 1914 only Liberia and Ethiopia remained free from European control

King Leopold

Scramble for Africa

Berlin Conference

Africa 1914

African Conflicts South Africa Ethiopia 1816- Shaka Zulu Boers and the Great Trek Boer War 1899-1902 Ethiopia Menelik II Battle of Adowa- Ethiopians defeat Italians

Shaka Zulu

Menelik II

“Heart of Darkness”

Impacts on Africa Positive Negative Reduced Local Warfare Improved Sanitation Life Span and Literacy Rates Increased Negative Loss of land and independence Breakdown of traditional culture Division of Continent

Imperialism in India Fall of Mughal Empire- Controlled by British East India Company (“Jewel in the Crown”) Negative Impacts Loss of self-sufficiency Cash crops leads to famine Indian companies go out of business Loss of traditional culture Positive Impacts Industrialization Education Sanitation

Sepoy Rebellion Sepoys- Indian soldiers in British Army (mainly Muslim and Hindu) Rifle Cartridges greased with beef and pork fat Leads to Sepoy Rebellion Failed Rebellion leads to Direct Rule (Raj) New Direct Rule (Raj) paid by Salt Tax Growing Indian Nationalism / Modernization Ram Mohun Roy Indian National Congress Muslim League

Southeast Asia Power Lands Claimed Major Trade Products Dutch Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Bali Oil, Tin, rubber British Malaysia, Burma Tin, Rubber French Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia Rice Americans Philippines, Hawaii Sugar, Bananas, Pineapples

China Rejects Trade with the West

Opium War

Opium War effects Treaty of Nanjing Taiping Rebellion Britain given Hong Kong Extraterritorial Rights Taiping Rebellion Empress Cixi self-strengthening movement China Carved into Spheres of Influence Open Door Policy Boxer Rebellion

Boxer Rebellion

Japan Matthew Perry and the Treaty of Kanagawa Meiji Era Modernized gov’t Modernized army Modernized education Modernized economy / Industrialization

Imperial Japan Sino-Japanese War Russo-Japanese War Gained Taiwan and Pescadores Islands Russo-Japanese War Disputed land of Manchuria and Korea Defeated Russians (great humiliation) Japan annexes Korea in 1910