1. Age of Imperialism Unit Review

2. The main difference between European colonies and protectorates in Africa had to do with their….. governments. A colony is governed by the imperialist country. A protectorate has its own government but is mentored by the imperialist country ( A foster child-foster parent relations

3. Paternalism reflected the belief that Africans should be…. Watched over and taken care of

4. What was the main cause of inadequate food supplies in Africa during European colonization? Europeans insisted on the growth of cash crops, such as cotton, rubber, palm oil, etc. instead of food.

5. Which nation adopted and then largely abandoned the policy of assimilation in Africa? France (If you got this wrong, re-read page 347, “Direct control”)

6. How did Menelik II differ from other 19th century African leaders? He managed to maintain his nation’s independence

7. What African nation successfully resisted European colonization? Ethiopia

8. The purpose of the Berlin Conference was to reduce conflict among European imperialists in Africa

9. What describes the national boundaries that existed in Africa at the end of the 19th century? Unnaturally imposed because the Europeans determined the boundaries of their colonies in Africa.

10. The Congo was exploited and colonized by which country? Belgium

11. Nigeria was first a protectorate and then a colony of…….. Britain

12. What three groups are closely tied to the history of South Africa? Zulu Dutch (Boers) British

13. What nationality were the Boers? Dutch

14. The Boer War was a conflict between…… Boers and British

15. The Union of South Africa, formed in 1902, was controlled by…. The British

16. Who were the sepoys? Indian soliders

17. What were causes of the Sepoy Mutiny? Nationalism Religious beliefs Resentment of British rule

18. What was the result of the Sepoy Mutiny? British government tightened its control over India. After the Sepoy Rebellion, the British government took control from the British East Indies Trading Company.

19. The term Raj is used to refer to the period of Indian history during which India was…. Dominated by Britain

20. What did Ram Mohun Roy believed that was necessary for Indian independence? Modernization of Indian society by changing some of its cultural practices, like arranged child marriages and the rigid caste system.

21. “The sun never sets on the British Empire” is a saying that indicates…. How huge the empire was. If you missed this one, check out the map and questions on pg. 367.

22. What was India’s greatest value to the British? Agricultural products

23. Britain sold opium to China in order to…. Improve Britain’s balance of trade with China

24. Who benefited from extraterritorial rights in 19 th century China? Foreigners in China

25. What resulted in the establishment of a rebel government in China that lasted about ten years? Taiping Rebellion

26. The self strengthening movement initiated in China in the 1860s failed because….. China (the Qing Dynasty’s Dowager Empress Cixi) depended too much on foreign help in carrying it out.

27. The Open Door Policy protected…. American trade interests in China and China’s freedom from colonization by European powers.

28. What was the main purpose of the Boxer Rebellion? The frustrated Chinese wanted to end foreign influence in China.

29. “Death to the foreign devils” was a slogan of rebels involved in the…… Boxer Rebellion

30. Who traded with Japan before the mid-1800s? China

31. What country persuaded Japan to open up trade with the West? United States

32. The Treaty of Kanagawa opened ports for trade to what country? United States

33. Japan’s Meiji era is known as a time of… modernization

34. Who did Japan copy their strong central government from? Germany

35. The Japanese adopted the American system of….. Universal public education

36. In the late 1800s and early 1900s, Japan was involved in wars with which countries? ChinaRussiaKorea

37. The Sino-Japanese War was fought over control of Korea

38. What was the result of the Sino- Japanese War? China was forced out of Korea

39. The Russo-Japanese War began over the conflicts between Russia and Japan regarding…. Russia’s presence in Manchuria

40. Which nation occupied and ruled Korea in the early 1900s? Japan

41. Be able to explain why the Meiji era in Japan is considered to be the era of “enlightened rule.” Have some specific historical examples to support your explanation. Hint: Re-read ”Mejii Reform and Modernization” on pg 376-377.