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What nation should we “Storm” Next?
Imperialism What nation should we “Storm” Next?
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I find your lack of enthusiasm disturbing!
Imperialism Notes
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Learning Targets day 1 I can define what Imperialism is
I can give a general time frame for the “new Imperialism” I can list at least 5 major nations that engaged in Imperialism I can describe at least 3 major reasons why Imperialism took happened
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Imperialism: What? What is it?
Imperialism is the policy of extending control or authority over foreign territories with the intent of dominating economic, political, and social life of the people Took place in the mid to late 1800s and early 1900s Near global domination by Europe and to a lesser extent, the U.S.
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Imperialism: Who? European countries and eventually America: Britain
France Germany Spain Portugal Italy Belgium U.S.
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Imperialism: Why? Nationalism Industrialization
Wanted to make your own country better—more money, power, and influence Industrialization Industrial European nations needed natural resources and new markets for their goods
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Social Darwinism Christianity
Belief that white Europeans are the “fittest race” and should “civilize” people of other nations (racism) Christianity Belief that Christians must spread religion to heathens in Africa and Asia
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Imperialism: How? Forces enabling Imperialism Technology
Guns, railroads, steamship, cure for malaria Internal forces in Africa and Asia (including India) Difficult to resist because of the variety of cultures and languages Lower level of technology Weakening civilizations and kingdoms
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Types of Imperialism Colony – (Direct and Indirect) Protectorate –
Country is governed internally by a foreign power Protectorate – Country with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power Sphere of Influence – Area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges
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Effects of Imperialism
Large Effects – European countries spread control over most of the world Increases European tensions as countries compete for power and influence Christianity is spread by missionaries
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Effects of Imperialism
Individual Effects – Spheres of influence are created in China and Africa (Suez Canal) East India (Britain) Company dominates India America opens Japan to western trade
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Imperialism In Africa
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Learning Targets day 2 I can explain what Africa was a target of Imperialism I can describe what happened at the Berlin Conference and when it was I can name which country controlled India and why it became so important to them.
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Imperialism Notes The Race for Africa 1880 the race begins: Europe finds natural resources and competes for land -- Gold and Diamonds Berlin Conference ( ) decided how countries could colonize Africa Notify other nations of territory being taken Prove that you can safely control area Africa became divided Cultural and linguistic groups broken up Only two independent nations remain by 1914: Ethiopia and Liberia
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African Economies Change
Imperialism Notes African Economies Change Raw materials needed for industrial revolution Cash crop plantations were developed Peanuts, palm oil, cocoa, rubber, cotton Mineral resources exploited Gold, diamonds, tin
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Colonial Management in Africa
Imperialism Notes Colonial Management in Africa Indirect Control: Local ruler accepts European country’s authority and rules colony (ex. British) Direct Control: believed they must totally control new colonies administration (ex. French) Paternalism – Govern in a fatherly way, but don’t extend rights to the governed Assimilation – forcing Africans to accept European culture, social and legal traditions
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The Fight for South Africa
Imperialism Notes The Fight for South Africa The British and Dutch fight for the resource rich area of south Africa Gold Diamonds Eventually British take control in 1800s The British fight against the indigenous/local peoples – the Zulus 1902 the British win and the Union of South Africa is established leads to apartheid (system of legal discrimination to keep white immigrants in power)
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Imperialism In India
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British East India Company
Imperialism Notes British East India Company Mughal Dynasty had kept European traders under control Late 1400’s to 1800 Mughal Dynasty weakens and collapses Decisive British victory allows the British to take control over india
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Imperialism Notes “Jewel in the Crown” Initially India was only a source of raw materials and possible markets for selling products Railroads built to move products from interior to ports Cotton, jute (to make rope), tea, indigo, and opium (traded with China)
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Effects of British Rule in India
Imperialism Notes Effects of British Rule in India Modernization: railroads and infrastructure created; schools and colleges, modern economy, sanitation practices; local warfare ended by British army Economic and political control lost for India Loss of self-sufficiency (cash crops grown and lack of food crops led to famine)
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Imperialism Notes Armed Conflicts Indian Resentment: Disliked the British control and missionaries 1857 Sepoy Rebellion Rumors that rifle cartridges were sealed with pig and cow fat Against Hindi and Muslim culture Soldiers refusing to do it were imprisoned – caused a revolt British put down the rebellion in a year
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Effects of Sepoy Rebellion
Imperialism Notes Effects of Sepoy Rebellion The Raj established direct control over India – British gov’t in India Viceroys (like governors) carried out British rule Increased distrust Growing distrust of British Nationalists movement began Wanted equal rights for Indians who were treated like second-class citizens in their own country Eventually leads to independence movement after WWII
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Imperialism In Asia Suez Canal Then & Now 2003 1875
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Learning Targets day 3 I can explain what a Sphere of Influence is
I can describe what Imperialism in China was like I can explain what happened during the Boxer Rebellion
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Spheres of Influence China and the Suez Canal
Imperialism Notes Spheres of Influence China and the Suez Canal Sphere of Influence: an area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges Examples: China Suez Canal
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Suez Canal – Lifeline of British Empire
Imperialism Notes Built by Egypt on loans from British Muslim leaders Muhammed Ali and Isma’il built canal Links the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea Very important for transportation of goods Egypt can’t pay back loans and Britain takes over Very important for transportation of British products across their large empire
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Suez Canal – Lifeline of British Empire
Imperialism Notes
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Imperialism Notes China Very rich in natural resources and uninterested in trading with other countries Britain extends sphere of influence Tea/opium trade Chinese leaders angry about opium importation Opium War 1839: Chinese easily defeated Treaty of Nanjing Hong Kong to Britain Extraterritorial rights for foreigners (don’t have to obey Chinese laws)
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Imperialism Notes Boxer Rebellion Nationalist group Society of Harmonious Fists forms to fight foreign influence They are called the Boxers and believe that they can defeat the British without modern weapons Slogan: “Death to the Foreign Devils” In 1900 were easily defeated by foreign forces and remained, at least economically, under foreign control
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