World Religions Notes Nontheistic-not having or involving a belief in a god or gods. The claim of Non-theism is true in the sense that there is no God in Buddhism who is a Creator, Judge, or Deity-in-Charge. Buddhism 376 Million, 7.1% of world population

World Religions Notes Christianity o 2 Billion, 31% of world population Islam o 1.6 Billion, 23% of world population Judaism o 14 Million, 0.2 % of world population Monotheism: Belief in one god.

World Religions Notes Polytheism Polytheism: Belief in multiple gods Hinduism o 1 Billion, 15% of world population

Torah: Old Testament (first 5 books) of the Bible Hand written on scrolls Talmud: The Ten Commandments Written in Hebrew Basis of belief

Basis of Belief Started by Abraham (yes, the same one from Christian religion). God spoke to Abraham and told him to start a new land and that he and his descendants would be blessed and prosper. God= Yaweh

Rabb i Temple/Synagogue Rabbi

Jewish Holy Sites/Places Jerusalem, Israel o Western Wall aka Wailing Wall Part of the wall that is left from the Temple Mount (the first Jewish synagogue)

Western Wall/Wailing Wall

Jewish Day of Worship and Holy Days Day of worship: Shabbat (means Sabbath) o sundown on Friday to sundown on Saturday Rosh Hashanah: Jewish New Year Yom Kippur: Day of Atonement (forgiveness) Passover: Celebrating the freedom/exit of the Israelites (Jewish slaves) from Egypt, lasts 8 days, Christians also celebrate this Bar/Bat Mitzvah: Coming of age ceremony o 13 yr. old boys/12 yr. old girls

Jewish Sects Orthodox: traditional o Hasidic: most traditional sect Conservative: a sect that looks to “conserve” (save) traditions/belief. o opposite of Reform sect Reform: faith is based on the idea the beliefs are a guideline which you should live your life by rather than a strict set of rules. o More modern

Jewish Sects…. Which sect is it??

Bible Basis of belief Monotheistic We are created good but are born into sin God sent Jesus, his son, to save people from their sins Belief in heaven and hell- an afterlife. Ten Commandments- especially the Golden Rule (treat others as you would want to be treated)

Priest Church Holy Sites/Places Vatican City o Important to Roman Catholics o Has political voice for the world Jerusalem, Israel Church of the Holy Sepulchre Built where Jesus’s tomb is believed to have been Holds a boulder/stone where Jesus was washed after being crucified

Church of the Holy Sepulchre, built on the spot Christians believe Jesus came back from the dead.

Bible Holy Book/Teachings The Bible Old Testament Before Jesus Christ New Testament Jesus Christ’s teachings

Holy Days/Traditions Day of Worship Christmas o birth of Jesus Christ Easter o marks the day of resurrection of Jesus Christ Celebration of the Last Supper o mass/services/sacrament Day of worship: Sunday

Christian Sects Catholics Protestant (PROTEST against Catholic church) Methodist, Lutheran, Baptist, LDS/Mormon, Roman, Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox Non Denominational refers to those churches that have not formally aligned themselves with an established church/sect.

Koran/Qu’ran The teachings of Muhammad His Communications with Allah (God) Most holy book May not be translated from Arabic Basis of Beliefs Definition: to surrender or submission in peace to God Followers: Muslims Word for God: Allah Prophet (messenger): Muhammad

Basis of Belief 5 Pillars of Islam 1.Worship only Allah, Muhammad is a prophet of Allah 2.Prayer- must pray 5 times per day (sunrise, noon, dusk, sunset, night), must be done facing Mecca 3.Charity-rich give to poor, all will give to Allah 4.Ramadan- fast during daylight hours for one month (9 th month on Islamic calendar) 5.Hajj: males should make a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in their lifetime.

Holy Sites/Places a)Mecca: birthplace of Muhammad, destination of Hajj (done to celebrate Muhammad’s travel) b)Medina: where Muhammad lived his young adult life (Saudi Arabia) c)Dome of the Rock: believed by Muslims to be where Muhammad ascended to heaven (Jerusalem) d)Al-Aqsa Mosque: Mosque near Dome of the Rock e)Kaaba: first mosque, located in Mecca, holds a stone that is believed to be a piece of the altar that Abraham was going to sacrifice his son on

Dome of the Rock Believed to be the site where Muhammad ascended to heaven to be with Allah

Iman Mosque Holy Books/Teachings Koran/Qu’ran (most holy book) The teachings of Muhammad Muhammad’s communications with Allah May not be translated out of Arabic The Bible Old Testament

Al-Masjid al- Haram mosque Kaaba Holy days/traditions & Day of Worship Holy day: Ramadan Month long fasting. Purpose: teach discipline and sacrifice Day of Worship: Friday

Dome of the Rock and the Western/Wailing Wall

Islamic Sects a)Shi’ites (aka Shia) o Believe that the only true descendent leaders of Islam are family members of Muhammad. o They do not recognize the first 3 caliphs (leaders) after Muhammad’s death. They believe that they are inferior because they were not a relative of Muhammad. o They acknowledge the fourth caliph because he was related to Muhammad. b)Sunni o Believe that Muhammad chose his successor- who was not a family member.