CHAPTER 19 The Age of the French Revolution, The West Encounters and Transformations Levack/Muir/Veldman/Maas Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 19: The Age of the French Revolution, Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 I. The First French Revolution II. The French Republic, III. Cultural Change in France During the Revolution IV. The Napoleonic Era, V. The Legacy of the French Revolution

Chapter 19: The Age of the French Revolution, Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 I. The First French Revolution Causes Criticism pamphlets Nobles v. king Economic Crisis A. The Beginning of the Revolution Louis XVI ( ) Assembly of Notables, 1787 Tax reform King forced to call Estates General, 1788 Estates General Clergy Nobility Third Estate, 96% (A. The Beginning of the Revolution) Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès ( ) joins Third Estate Third Estate calls itself National Assembly, May, 1789 locked out Tennis Court Oath Economic Crisis Poor harvests, 1780's 1788, harvest fails "National Guard" attacks Bastille, July, 1789

Chapter 19: The Age of the French Revolution, Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 I. The First French Revolution B. Creation of a New Political Society National Assembly Privileges of clergy and nobles ended Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen Rousseau's Social Contract, 1762 Church reorganized Civil Constitution of the Clergy Legislative Assembly, 1791 end to nobility Social reforms civil marriage slavery ended in France C. Responses Edmund Burke Reflections on the Revolution in France, 1790 Pope Pius VI condemns Rights of Man, Civil Constitution of the Clergy

Chapter 19: The Age of the French Revolution, Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 II. The French Republic, A. The Establishment of the Republic, 1792 Jacobins republicans support of sans-culottes Louis XVI and queen, flee, 1791 Frederick William II, Prussia ( ) and Leopold II, Austria ( ) Alliance to restore Louis XVI Legislative Assembly War on Austria, 1792 Defeated National Convention B. The Jacobins and the Revolution Feuillants v. Jacobins Jacobins split Girondins, Montagnards Montagnards Georges-Jacques Danton ( ) Jean-Paul Marat ( ) Maximilien Robespierre ( ) Girondins more conservative Louis XVI executed, 1793 First Coalition, 1793 Great Britain, Dutch, Prussia, Austria Spain, Sardinia and Naples join later France defeated

Chapter 19: The Age of the French Revolution, Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 II. The French Republic, C. The Reign of Terror, Committee of Public Safety Maximilien Robespierre Jacobins Joseph Fouché ( ) Paul Barras ( ) oppose Robespierre executed, 1794

Chapter 19: The Age of the French Revolution, Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 II. The French Republic, D. The Directory, ( ) New Constitution, 1795 Directorate Two legislative assemblies Inflation Battle of the Nile, 1798 French fleet destroyed Napoleon Bonaparte ( ) Italian victories Treaty of Campio Formio, 1797 Forms Consulate, 1799 New constitution, December, 1799 Napoleon, First Consul

Chapter 19: The Age of the French Revolution, Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 III. Cultural Change in France During the Revolution A. Cultural Institutions Schools lycées Academies Popular and Republican Society of the Arts replaces Royal Academy, 1793 Jacques-Louis David ( ) Libraries National Library replaces Royal Library Commission of the Museum Louvre opens, 1793 III. Cultural Change in France During the Revolution B. The Creation of a New Political Culture Popular sovereignty sans-culottes Secularism Joseph Fouché churches closed Cult of the Supreme Being Calendar September 22, 1792 C. Cultural Centralization Départments Metric, decimal system

Chapter 19: The Age of the French Revolution, Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 IV. The Napoleonic Era, A. Napoleon's Rise to Power Corsican 1802, Consul for life 1804, Emperor B. Napoleon and the State Continuation of the Revolution? Pius VII ( ) Concordat, 1801 Church part of the state Civil Code, 1804 (Napoleonic Code) Emulation of Justinian C. Administrative Centralization Council of State Prefects

Chapter 19: The Age of the French Revolution, Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 IV. The Napoleonic Era, D. The Empire and Europe by 1809, control of Dutch Republic, Spain Netherlands, Italy, parts of Germany, Poland

Chapter 19: The Age of the French Revolution, Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 E. The Downfall of Napoleon 1809, divorces Josephine marries Marie-Louise Russia Grand Army, 1812 Borodino Napoleon retreats Battle of the Nations, Leipzig, 1813 Napoleon abdicates, 1814 IV. The Napoleonic Era, (D. The Empire and Europe) Levée en masse, from , Third Coalition Austria, Britain, Russia Battle of Trafalgar Jena, Auerstädt, 1806 Prussia defeated Spain invaded, 1807 Ferdinand forced from throne Peninsular War ( ) Duke of Wellington leads British invasion

Chapter 19: The Age of the French Revolution, Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 IV. The Napoleonic Era, F. After Napoleon Bourbon Restoration Treaty of Paris, 1814 Louis XVIII ( ) Constitutional Charter Napoleon returns, 1815 Waterloo, defeated exiled to St. Helena Congress of Vienna Prince Clemens von Metternich ( ) Austrian foreign minister Balance of power Dynastic principles

Chapter 19: The Age of the French Revolution, Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007 IV. The Napoleonic Era, (F. After Napoleon) Congress of Vienna Prince Clemens von Metternich ( ) Austrian foreign minister Balance of power Dynastic principles