2. Objective: Analyze the causes and assess the influence of seventeenth to nineteenth century political revolutions in England, North America, and France on individuals, governing bodies, church ‑ state relations, and diplomacy.

3.  First Estate – clergy; privileged; 0.5% of population; no taille (tax)  Second Estate - nobility; 1.5%; no taille; income from feudal dues  Third Estate - 98%; high tax burden; little political power  Old Regime: 1 st & 2 nd Estates exploiting 3 rd Estate

6.  Louis XVI - summoned Estates-General to raise taxes to pay debt  Third Estate formed National Assembly & took "Tennis Court Oath"  Storming of the Bastille - attack on a Paris prison, 14 July 1789  The Great Fear - wave of violence & panic throughout France

11.  Declaration of the Rights of Man & the Citizen  Church “reforms”; confiscated land; Civil Constitution of the Clergy  Constitution of 1791 – limited monarchy & Legislative Assembly

14.  1st democratic constitution; adopted metric system & new calendar  Beheaded royal family with guillotine in January 1793

16. The Guillotine

17.  The Reign of Terror - tried to crush all opposition in France  Republic of Virtue – citizen & citizeness; policy of dechristianization  Robespierre's execution marked end of Reign of Terror, July 1794

20. The Directory, an executive council, ruled ineffectively, 1795 – 1799

21. 1. Complete “The Article of Confederation” 20 min. 2. Complete the French Revolution Section of your study Guide Sheet.

22. Objective: Analyze the causes and assess the influence of seventeenth to nineteenth century political revolutions in England, North America, and France on individuals, governing bodies, church ‑ state relations, and diplomacy.

23. 1. What ended the French and Indian War? 2. Name 3 problems with the Articles of Confederation. 3. Name and explain the three French estates.

25.  Established new government called the consulate  Concordat of 1801 made peace with the Catholic Church  Plebiscite approved him as Consul for life in 1802  Civil Code or Napoleonic Code – most important of seven legal codes

28.  Crowned himself Emperor in 1804 & prepared to invade Britain  Battle of Trafalgar, 1805 – Lord Nelson defeated the French navy  Continental System – economic warfare against Britain  Controlled most of Europe by 1812 except Britain & Russia

29.  Invaded Russia in 1812 over resumption of trade with Britain  Invaded in June with 600,000 men  Russian “scorched earth policy”  Arrived back in Poland with less than 40,000  Nationalism stirred revolts – resentment of foreign rule

33.  Allies captured Paris in March 1814 & exiled Napoleon to Elba  Bourbon monarchy restored to throne; Louis XVIII became king  Napoleon returned in 1815  Defeated at Waterloo by Duke of Wellington  Exiled to and died on St. Helena