1. The French Revolution

2. 1700s France Background Social Order
24,000,000 citizens – most in Europe
Political and social order dating back to the Middle Ages
Wealthiest and most powerful country in Europe
Unequal distribution of wealth
Society broken up into three estates
1st Estate
Clergy
2nd Estate
Nobility
3rd Estate
Everyone else

3. Unfair tax system and land distribution
Causes
Enlightenment
American Revolution
Unfair tax system and land distribution
Poor harvests
Royal spending

5. Stages of the Revolution
The Liberal Phase
The Radical Phase
The Directory
Age of Napoleon

6. The Liberal Phase – 1789-1792 June 1789 July 1789
Estates General convene at Versailles
Third Estate declare themselves legislative body: National Assembly
Goal is to create a constitution
King does not intervene
July 1789
Parisian citizens storm the Bastille gathering arms and munitions

9. The Liberal/Moderate Phase
August 1789
Titles of nobility and feudal obligations terminated, tax system abolished
Great Fear: Peasants attack feudal lords throughout countryside
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen written
November 1789
Civil Constitution of the Clergy: Church lands seized, tithe abolished
1791
Constitution completed, creation of a limited monarchy

11. Who is going to be terrified of the French Revolution?
The French Plague!
Who is going to be terrified of the French Revolution?
Why?

12. Chaos Breads Change and Violence
The Terror:

13. War Prompts Radicalism - 1792
Austria, Prussia, Spain and England at war with France
Constitutional Monarchy abolished
Radicals abolish Legislative Assembly and create the National Convention – republic declared
Moderates not achieving enough
Louis XVI imprisoned in Paris

14. First Louis is taken from the Palace of Versailles…

15. Then he is taken to the Tuileries Palace in Paris…

16. The Temple Prison
Did Louis need to die?
Why or why not?

17. 1793 Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette executed
Foreign armies continue to attack
Committee of Public Safety formed
12 member group led by Robespierre charged with protecting the country and revolution
“Terror is the order of the day”

18. Reign of Terror  The Directory
Guillotine drops until foreign armies are repealed
Terror ends with Robespierre's execution
Over 12,000 officially guillotined
Thousands more still unofficially executed

19. The Directory
Five member governing body elected from the upper house of the legislative body
Largely inefficient and corrupt body of government
Doesn’t end the bread crisis
Doesn’t end the foreign wars
Doesn’t create a sense of stability within France

20. Napoleon!

21. Napoleon Common born, successful general
Rules as a member of the Consulate (1 of 3) in 1799
Declares himself emperor in 1804
Create political stability in France
Expands some of the ideals of the French Revolution through war
Conquer territory in Spain, Netherlands, Italy, Austria, Egypt, Prussia, and Russia

23. Europe in 1800

24. Napoleon’s Expanding French Empire

25. Continental System 1806

26. Effects New code of law in conquered lands Napoleonic Code
Abolished titles of nobility and serfdom
Eliminated medieval law and customs
Abolished church privileges
Equal rights for male citizens
Eliminated primogeniture
Effects

27. Spread of the Napoleonic Code

28. Key Figures at Vienna Foreign Minister, Viscount Castlereagh (Br.)
Tsar Alexander I (Rus.)
Foreign Minister, Viscount Castlereagh (Br.)
The “Host” Prince Klemens von Metternich (Aus.)
King Frederick William III (Prus.)
Foreign Minister, Tallyrand (Fr.)

29. Congress of Vienna Objectives Principles Key Figures
Establish long lasting peace between the great powers
Turn back the clock/return to the status quo to 1789
Politically, socially, and territorially
Principles
Compensation
Create a balance of power
Principles of legitimacy
“Concert of Europe” and intervention
Key Figures
Metternich
Alexander I
Talleyrand
Congress of Vienna

30. Europe After the Congress of Vienna