1. Causes of French Revolution
Absolute monarchy
Corrupt leadership
Unfair land distribution
Unfair tax code
Rigid Social Class Structure
Privileges of The First and Second Estate
Spread of Enlightenment Ideas
Government Debt-> deficit financing
Poor harvests
Inflation
Failure of Louis XVI to accept reforms
Formation of National Assembly
Storming of the Bastille

2. Positive Effects of French Revolution
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
France adopts its first written constitution
Monarchy abolished
Feudalism is abolished
Estates are abolished
National public schools are set up
Huguenots ( French Protestants) are granted equal rights
Jews are granted equal rights

3. Negative Effects of the French Revolution
Women gain at first, but then lose rights under Robespierre and Napoleon
Slavery in the colonies is abolished under Robespierre, but the allowed again under Napoleon
Napoleon uses a secret police force to track down his enemies
Napoleon censors the press
Napoleon allows police to use torture to extract confessions
People who are enemies of Napoleon are imprisoned without trial (no habeas corpus)

4. Stages of French Revolution
Absolute Monarchy
National Assembly
Legislative Assembly
The Convention
The Directory

5. Stages of French Revolution
Absolute Monarchy (Louis XVI) National Assembly (Constitutional Monarchy) Legislative Assembly (Republic) The Convention (Military Dictatorship) The Directorate (Aristocracy) Absolute Monarchy (Napoleon)

6. Napoleon
Becomes a hero during the Revolution by crushing rebels opposed to the National Assembly and by defeating France’s enemies
Overthrows the corrupt Directory and ends the bloody Revolution
Sets out to capture most of Europe, minus Britain and Russia

7. A Self-Made Emperor
On December 2, 1804, Napoleon crowned himself the Emperor of France. The Pope presided over the ceremony, but Napoleon made sure that he would crown himself. Why?

8. Effects of Revolution Outside of France
Napoleon conquered much of Europe. Some areas were added to France, while others were put under the control of his relatives (nepotism)
He abolished the Holy Roman Empire
He defeated Austria, then married the Austrian Princess Marie Louise his family could now claim royal lineage

9. Did he go to far?
Napoleon brought many revolutionary reforms to areas outside of France, but many saw him as a foreigner trying to push his will on them.
Nationalist revolts were unleashed across Europe

10. Napoleon's Invasion of Russia
Russians trick the French forces under Napoleon by luring them deeper and deeper into Russia as the long, cold winter set in
Russians practiced what is known as “scorched-earth policy”- they burned everything as they retreated, leaving no food or shelter for the advancing French Army
See page 491

11. Downfall of Napoleon
Napoleon defeated in Russia Russia, Britain, Austria and Prussia form alliance defeat France at the Battle of the Nations at Leipzig
Napoleon abdicates (gives up) throne and is exiled to Elba
Louis XVIII becomes King, but economic chaos revives Napoleon’s popularity
Napoleon escapes Elba and returns to retake France

12. Napoleon’s rule lasts only 100 days his enemies (the Alliance of Britain and Prussia,) came back to defeat Napoleon at Waterloo
Napoleon was exiled again, this time to St Helena; he would never return

13. Legacy of Napoleon: Hero or Traitor to the Revolution?
See page 490

14. Congress of Vienna
After Napoleon is exiled for good, the leaders of the royal families of Europe meet to restore the status quo bring back the former monarchies of Europe
Led by Austrian foreign minister, Prince Clemens von Metternich, cousin of Napoleon’s wife
Goals- create a lasting peace by restoring the monarchies and establishing a balance of power– Was it too little too late?