1. Ch. 18 - THE FRENCH REVOLUTION and NAPOLEON

2. TENNIS COURT OATH
BASTILLE

3. NATIONAL ASSEMBLY Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen
Inspired by the English Bill of Rights and U.S. Declaration of Independence
Stated principles of equality and democracy that became basis of French government.
Include basic freedoms found in our Bill of Rights
Did not give women equal rights

4. ANGRY WOMEN! Louis XVI refused to accept the Declaration of Rights
October 5, thousands of armed women mob the Palace at Versailles
Forces Louis XVI to return to Paris and accept the National Assemblies decrees

5. NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
1791 – The National Assembly gave France it’s first constitution: Constitution of 1791
established a limited monarchy
Created a system of separation of powers
executive – King Luis XVI
Legislative – the Legislative Assembly
Judicial – the courts

6. NATIONAL ASSEMBLY Opposition to Constitution of 1791:
Nobles believed the constitution went too far! They want their privileges restored.
Radical Revolutionaries wanted a republic not a monarchy.
Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette attempt to flee the country
arrested by National Assembly
forced to accept new Constitution

7. THE COMMUNE
Revolutionaries took control of city government in Paris and established the Commune
seized control of Legislative Assembly
removed King from office and voted to imprison royal family
called for a National Convention to write a new Constitution
delegates would be chosen by universal male suffrage

8. THE COMMUNE
Many of the members in the Commune called themselves the sans-culottes
These people sought revenge on anyone who had aided the king or resisted the “popular will”
Thousands of people will be arrested and massacred
Georges Danton is head of the Commune

9. THE NATIONAL CONVENTION
Abolished the monarchy and made France a Republic
Wrote a new constitution: Constitution 1793
Executed Louis XVI for treason ( )

10. THE NATIONAL CONVENTION
Foreign threats:
Great Britain, Netherlands, Spain, Portugal, Austria and Prussia go to war against France.
Because of the execution of the king

11. THE NATIONAL CONVENTION
Created the Committee of Public Safety led by Maximilian Robespierre
directed the French Army – conscription
set up a Revolutionary Tribunal – to try enemies of the revolution
Begins the Reign of Terror

12. REIGN OF TERROR
Brutal campaign against people considered enemies to France
Trials held daily – close to 40,000 people are executed (16,000 by the guillotine)

13. COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC SAFETY
Revolutionary armies were set up to bring cities back under the control of the National Convention
Economic controls and price limits were established
Created a policy of the dechristianization of France
Robespierre is eventually arrested by the National Convention and executed.
This ends the radical phase of the revolution

14. THE NATIONAL CONVENTION
National Convention reduced the power of the Committee of Public Safety
Churches were allowed to reopen
Writes a new constitution: Constitution of 1795
established the Directory
elected legislative branch by wealthy landowners.
No more universal male suffrage
5 Directors (executive branch) were chosen by the legislative branch
Problems:
Inefficient (5 Directors)
Corruption in government
Riots due to rising food prices
Radicals and Royalists don’t like it
France is still at war

15. Ch 18 sect 3 - NAPOLEON
1799 Napoleon Bonaparte, overthrew the Directory in a coup d’etat and created the Consulate
Napoleon is named “First Consul”
supposedly a Republic, but Napoleon holds all the power
made First Consul for life
made Emperor Napoleon I

16. REFORMS OF NAPOLEON Wrote a new Constitution (4th in 10 years)
established the Bank of France
Created the Napoleonic Code - law code
all men are equal before the law
freedom of religion and choice of occupation
abolition of serfdom and feudalism
put interest of state above individuals
women’s rights were limited

17. REFORMS OF NAPOLEON all citizens paid taxes
Lycees - government run schools
Created a new aristocracy from the middle class based on service to the state

18. NAPOLEON’S EMPIRE
France was constantly at war

19. NAPOLEON’S EMPIRE Two reasons that Napoleon’s Grand Empire failed:
The survival of Great Britain
The force of Nationalism

20. The Survival of Great Britain
The invasion of Great Britain
Britain defeated a combined French/Spanish navy at Trafalgar in 1805
Continental System
the blockade of trade with Great Britain.

21. Nationalism
Nationalism – the unique cultural identity of a people based on common language, religion, and national symbols.

22. The End for Napoleon Russia began trading with Britain.
Napoleon invaded Russia.
The Russians retreated using a Scorched Earth Policy
Goes in with 600,000 men.
Comes out with 40,000

23. The End for Napoleon
Britain, Austria, Russia, Prussia and Sweden attack.
Napoleon is exiled to the island of Elba.
Louis XVIII is crowned King of France.

24. The End for Napoleon 1815 - Napoleon escapes, regains power (100 days)
Napoleon defeated at the Battle of Waterloo.
Napoleon is exiled to the island of St. Helena (died 1821)

25. CONGRESS OF VIENNA
Meeting held by European rulers after the defeat of Napoleon to arrange a final peace settlement and restore the “old order”
Prince Klemens von Metternich, the Austrian Foreign Minister led the meeting.
Legitimacy – lawful monarchs from the royal families that had ruled before Napoleon would be restored to their positions of power

26. CONGRESS OF VIENNA
The Great Powers of Europe rearranged territories in Europe hoping to create a new balance of power.
This keeps any one country from becoming too powerful
Political and military forces were arranged so that the Great Powers could retain their independence.
This helps contain the forces of change brought about by the French Revolution

27. Results of the Revolution and Napoleon
France is no longer the richest and strongest nation in Europe (Great Britain)
Ended feudalism in France
Established a limited monarchy in France
Changed the boundaries of Europe
Revolutionary ideas and social justice spread throughout Europe