1. Napoleon Bonaparte

2. Napoleon: Born for Greatness
Born 1769 – Corsica
Military school at age 9
By age 16 (1785) – Becomes army lieutenant
1795 Defends delegation of National Convention

3. Napoleon: Born for Greatness 2
– military victories vs. Austria, Sardina, Britain
1798—marries Josephine
End of 1799 – “the General” referred to one man: Napoleon Bonaparte

4. Napoleon Seizes Power 1799 – The Directory loses control
Napoleon and wife Josephine are urged to seize power
November 19, 1799 –Napoleon’s Coup d ’etat (sudden overthrow of the gov)

5. Domestic Policies of Napoleon
Napoleonic Code
Unified laws
Stabilized Economy
Created national banks
Officials based on merit
Gov-run public schools (lycees)
Strong, Centralized Government
Stable

6. Why is he so popular? “Soldier’s General”
First into battle, the last to leave
Brave, Valiant, Attractive, Suave, Inspirational

7. Napoleon’s Control “First Consul” Coronates himself Emperor (1804)
dictator
Coronates himself Emperor (1804)
Arrogant move
Divorces Josephine, marries Austrian Marie Louise

8. New Territories for Bonaparte
Sells LA Territory to U.S. for $15 million
By 1805 – Conquered most of Europe: Austria-Netherlands, Switzerland, Italy, Spain
Only countries not under control: Britain, Ottoman Empire, Portugal, Sweden

9. Mapping the Success

10. Third Coalition Third Coalition (alliance)
Russia, Austria, Britain, Prussia
Napoleon signs peace treaties with all those BUT Britain

11. Napoleon’s Downfall

12. Napoleon’s “Achilles Heel”
Continental System
Blockade of all of Europe
Attempt cut off British trade
Fails—British Navy too powerful
Battle of Trafalgar (1805) –
Horatio Nelson (English Gen)
Naval battle
Napoleon defeated

13. Russia Outsmarts Napoleon (June 1812)
Minor Victory in Moscow
Scorched-earth policy
Burn & Retreat, Burn & Retreat
Napoleon Fails in Russia

14. Napoleon Exiled Napoleon exiled to Elba (March 1814)
Monarchy restored (Louis XVIII)

15. Napoleon Returns Escapes Elba
“I am your emperor…If there is any among you who would kill your emperor, here I am.”
“Long live the emperor!” – gains support
Louis XVIII flees
Hundred Days
Napoleon’s reign following his return
Restore values of revolution
Battle of Waterloo (June 18, 1815)
Duke of Wellington (British & Prussian Forces) Win
Napoleon exiled to St. Helena

16. Napoleon’s Last Days
“1000 miles from home, and 1000 miles from nowhere.”
Dies 1821

17. Congress of Vienna 1814-1815 –European leaders
establish peace & security
Klemmons von Metternich (Austria)
Prevent French Aggression
Balance of Power (No country is a threat to anyone)
Restore royal families to the throne

18. European Map after Congress of Vienna (1817)
Napoleon Empire Map (1815)
European Map after Congress of Vienna (1817)

19. Legacies of Congress of Vienna
Britain & Prussia power increases, France power decreases
Nationalism grows in European nations (Led to revolutions)
Colonies Gain Independence