By Malissa Quigley

Where is Italy? It is a boot-shaped peninsula that extends south from Europe into the Mediterranean sea Legend of Rome/Story of Romulus and Remus

Location: Asia Minor Greeks of Italy, Latins, and Etruscans Government: Monarchy: Lucius Tarquinius

Republic Gov’t in which the people chose their leaders Consuls (2) Administrators had the power to Veto Senate 300 Patricians, made laws elected consuls Tribunes Protected the rights of the Plebeians

Corvus Mirror Hamilcar Barca Hannibal Barca “I swear as soon as age will permit, I will follow the Romans both at sea and on land, I will use fire and steel to arrest the destiny of Rome”. Battle of Cannae Battle of Zama “Let us relieve the Romans of their anxiety for they are to impatient to wait for an old man to die”.

Punic WarsCausesMilitary Strength EventsResults First Punic War Romans wanted granaries Control of Mediterranean Sea Carthage invades Syracuse Alliances Legions – Roman Army Carthage - Navy Navel attack upon Carthage Roman’s Army fought hand to hand combat upon ships Rome conquers Sicily Mercenaries revolt against Carthage Hamilcar Barca Second Punic War Carthaginians wanted control Revenge Hannibal “hated” Rome Carthage led by Gen Hannibal of Barca Elephants, catapults and mirrors Hannibal crosses Pyrenees and Alps into Rome Battle of Cannae and Battle of Zama Rome gets Spain & Carthages territories Third Punic War Carthage regains power Rome is threatened Rome – Legions & Navy Rome used fire Rome blocked off the city Rome burnt Carthage and plowed salt int0 ground Rome gains Carthage Rome becomes Mediterranean power

Reformers: Tiberius Gracchus- Tribune and limited the amount of land someone could own Gaius Gracchus- Tribune and sell the wheat at a cheaper price Sulla- Made himself dictator- absolute ruler Triumvirate- Three people with equal power Who were the members of the first triumvirate? 1. Julius Caesar 2. Crassus 3. Pompeius

There is no turning back…..Caesar attacks Rome “Veni, Vidi, Vici” I came, I saw, I conquered…..Caesar Caesar’s Refoms: Increased size of Senate, extended Roman citizenship, and increased pay for soldiers Beware of the Ides of March- March 15, 44 B.C. Caesar was stabbed by Brutus and Cassius “Et tu Brute”: And you, Brutus

Who were the members of the Second Triumvirte? 1. Mark Antony 2. Marcus Lepidus 3. Octavian Caesar Octavian’s Rise To Power: Lepidus is killed in the desert Mark Antony joins with Cleopatra Battle of Actium: Sea battle Octavian defeats Antony and Cleopatra

“ I have found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of marble”. List the reforms of Augustus Caesar: 1. complete authority over the military 2. select people on their talent than birth 3. reorganized the boundaries 4. governors long term offices 5. ordered a census

Pax Romana- 200 years of Roman peace Tiberius- reformed taxes Caligula- built aqueducts Claudius- conquered England Nero- rebuilt Rome after fire Vespasian- brought people from the provinces into the Senate Trajan- provide low cost loans Hadrian- built the wall to keep the Barbarians out of the Empire Marcus Aurelius- outstanding military commander

1. no written rule about who was to inherit the throne upon the emperor’s death 2. gave high wages to the soldiers, which meant higher taxes 3. German tribes invading the empire 4. trade declined 5. inflation

Who were the members of the Tarquin family? What was the story of Romulus and Remus? Dictatorship- What are the two social classes in Rome? Republic- Senate- Veto- Praetors- Censors- Legions- Where is Carthage? Latins-

How did the Roman’s use the corvus? Explain the Second Punic War: What were Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus’s reforms? Who were the members of the first triumvirate? Julius Caesar- “Veni, Vidi, Vici” Ides of March- Who were the members of the second triumvirate? What happened at Actium? Explain: “ I found Rome a city of brick and left it a city of marble”. Nero- Hadrian- Pax Romana-