US History/Zisk

The Beginning … Potsdam…Truman, Stalin, and Churchill 1.Agreed on war trials 2.Solidified 4 zones in Gmy. 3.Harry stared down Joe

Tension mounts … 1.Bomb had tested positively 2.Red Army 5 million to US soldiers in uniform 1.5 mill 3.“Iron Curtain” Churchill“Iron Curtain” 4.George Kennan’s “Sources of Soviet Conduct” 1947George Kennan’s

1946- Stalin “The Russian system will triumph because a series of ‘cataclysmic disturbances’ would tear the capitalistic world apart” 1946 – George Kennan “Russian hostility stemmed from the Kremlin’s neurotic view of world affairs which was rooted in the traditional and instinctive Russian sense of insecurity.” 1947 – Truman “If we falter in our leadership we may endanger the peace of the world.

Truman Doctrine 1947 Greece “It must be the policy of the US to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.” $400 mill. Eco aid to Greece/Turkey

Marshall Plan Europe “…a breeding ground of pestilence and hate.” Churchill Eco/physical destruction post-war Communist takeover?!!!!! “Hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos” = enemies 16 nation Comm. For Eco. Coop.

$22 bill in aid suggested Offered to all but Stalin says no! Czech’s really wanted to participate… defenestration $13 bill authorized by Congress Nobel Peace Prize to Marshall

So what about Germany? Key to W. Europe’s stability so…

3 Democratic zones become W.Gmy 6/48-5/49 Berlin Airlift NATO (12) 1949 USSR=Bomb 1949 US=H- Bomb

So what about Asia? Japan important for stability =MacArthur Korea divided at 38 th China … 1 of “Big 5” but Civil War … Nat.vs.Com. / Chiang Kai-shek vs. Mao Zedong Formosa (Taiwan)

1948 Election Dem. Truman Rep. T. Dewey Dixiecrats Strom Thurman New Progressive H. Wallace

Korea 1950 NSC-68 UN police action 16 nations 90% US MacArthur’s drive MacArthur fired

Communist infiltration? Never more than 100,000 commies Paranoia cannot be “soft” on comm Loyalty Oath 1948 Alger Hiss 1950 Rosenbergs Sen. Joe McCarthy’s “witch hunt’.

We like Ike! 1952 vs. Dem. Adlai Stevenson Promised to go to Korea and end it! “dynamic conservatism” Conservative with money but liberal with human beings.

Cut spending, taxes and balance budget. New Look = conventional military reduction “brinkmanship” Sputnik … NASA National Defense Act

Civil Rights Truman starts w/desegregation of military. Merit promotions. NAACP takes on Plessy Thurgood Marshall

Brown v. Board of Education Warren Court “We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.” Little Rock

Montgomery Bus Boycott 1955 Rosa Parks refuses to give up seat on bus Martin Luther King, Jr. leads year long boycott 1956 Supreme Court weighs in