1. The Cold War
Truman & Eisenhower

2. What is the Cold War?? Why did it happen?
A state of political hostility between countries characterized by threats, propaganda, and other measures short of open warfare
Fueled by the threat of aggressively expanding Communist ideology
*We had
9 Presidents during that time!

3. Yalta Conference (February 1945)
Divide Germany into 4 zones of occupation
Creation of United Nations
USSR will join war against Japan
Free elections in eastern European countries

5. Cold War in Europe
“From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent.”
NATO formed in (USSR had Warsaw Pact)

6. Early Espionage… Truman creates CIA & NSA Julius & Ethel Rosenberg
Alger Hiss
Claude Fuchs
1949- Soviets get “the bomb”

7. “Containment Policy” George Kennan (1946)
 In places where communism threatened to expand, American aid might prevent a takeover. We could “contain” communism.
Becomes central part of Truman Doctrine 
Economic or military intervention…

8. Truman Doctrine
US is compelled to assist “free peoples” in their struggles against “totalitarian regimes,” because the spread of authoritarianism would “undermine the foundations of international peace and hence the security of the United States.”
 United States would provide political, military and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces

9. Marshall Plan Also known as the European Recovery Program,
$13 billion ($130b) to finance the economic recovery of Europe between and 1951. 

10. A Divided Germany (& divided Berlin…)
Stalin refuses to give up Soviet parts…leading to East Germany. (Allies’ part becomes West Germany)
People begin fleeing to West Berlin to escape communism
Stalin instituted a blockade of the city, cutting off all supplies

11. Truman says “We will stay.”
Allies bring in 2.3 million tons of cargo

12. Cold War in the Middle East
Holocaust increased support for Jewish nation
In 1948, w/ UN support Israel is created
Truman recognizes the new nation, many Arab nations don’t (Soviets start supporting those nations)

13. The Cold War in Asia
In 1949 China turns “red”. Truman is accused of “losing” China.
In 1950, North Korea crosses 38th parallel into South Korea.
The UN comes to South’s aid. Truman chooses Gen. MacArthur to lead efforts there.
We almost lose, then almost win, then almost lose, then end up back where we started… (3 years & 53,000 dead Americans later)
Truman fires MacArthur because he tries to take over and run things differently than President says (this is actually a BIG deal!!!) Why?

15. Eisenhower Doctrine
Domino Theory
Brinksmanship & M.A.D. theory