Agenda: Hand in RAFT #2—Colonial Life journal Notes in master packet.

NEW FRANCE 13 ENGLISH COLONIES 1. The Jamestown Colony was the first successful English colony in the New World. -This would lead to other colonies being created by the English. 2. The English Colonies would become known as the THIRTEEN COLONIES and were settled by people who brought with them the beliefs, laws, and customs of England. NEW FRANCE 13 ENGLISH COLONIES

PLYMOUTH COLONY: 2ND successful English colony in New World. -1620: 40 Pilgrims (Saints) and 62 other English (Strangers) colonists sailed to the New World on the Mayflower. -Headed for Virginia: Winter storm blew them off course and landed far to the north. Landed out of the land controlled by the Virginia Company so they created a plan for running their colony. Mayflower Virginia:

MAYFLOWER COMPACT: Document created and signed by the Pilgrims and other colonists aboard the Mayflower used to make laws for the benefit of the whole colony. -This document represents self-government. The Pilgrims were to far away to depend on the gov’t back in England. They had to handle their own affairs. The Mayflower Compact 1620 “In the name of God, Amen. We, whose names are underwritten, the Loyal Subjects of our dread Sovereign Lord, King James, by the Grace of God, of England, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, e&. Having undertaken for the Glory of God, and Advancement of the Christian Faith, and the Honour of our King and Country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia; do by these presents, solemnly and mutually in the Presence of God and one of another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick, for our better Ordering and Preservation, and Furtherance of the Ends aforesaid; And by Virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal Laws, Ordinances and Offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the General good of the Colony; unto which we promise all due submission and obedience. In Witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names at Cape Cod the eleventh of November, in the Reign of our Sovereign Lord, King James of England, France and Ireland, the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty-fourth. Anno Domini, 1620.”

1. Pilgrims named the new colony Plymouth, after the town in England from which they sailed. -Arrived in December, 1620 -1st winter; ½ died 2. In the spring, local Wampanoag Indians, Samoset and Squanto, helped the Pilgrims to plant crops and trap animals. 3. After the 1st harvest, the Pilgrims celebrated their survival by holding Thanksgiving feast with Native Americans.

The Pilgrims were Separatists (Christians) from England. -Separatists did not like the way the Church of England was being run and wanted to be able to worship freely. -They came to the New World in order to worship God the way they wanted to without being told how to worship by the English government. RELIGIOUS FREEDOM.

NEW FRANCE 4 1 3 2 NEW FRANCE 4 Northern (New England) Colonies: 1. Massachusetts (Plymouth & Mass. Bay Colony) 2. Connecticut 3. Rhode Island 4. New Hampshire

Massachusetts Bay Colony: Colonies in New England were created for religious freedom. -Massachusetts was created in 1630 by Puritans from England who came to the New World for religious freedom. -Puritans led by John Winthrop. -By the end of 1631, over 1,000 Puritans living in colony. -Colony became successful by creating trade relationships with local Indian tribes, fishing, whaling, and creating industries to produce needed goods such as shipbuilding. -By 1640, more than 20,000 colonists lived in colony. Larger and wealthier than Plymouth Colony. In 1691, English gov’t joined Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth together to create Massachusetts Colony.

-Puritans religious beliefs dominated colony: gov’t controlled by Puritans, non-Puritans had to pay higher taxes, non-Puritans could not practice their own religions. -Many Puritans did not like the way the colony was being run and decided to leave to create their own colonies. -1636: Roger Williams leaves Mass. and creates Rhode Island Colony. Colony was created to give people absolute religious freedom. -Anne Hutchinson followed Williams and created 2nd settlement in Rhode Island Colony.

-1636: Thomas Hooker leaves Mass. and creates Connecticut Colony. -1639: Connecticut settlers wrote Fundamental Orders of Connecticut. -Example of representative gov’t. -All adult men could vote. -1679: Colony of New Hampshire created by joining small settlements together that were north of Mass.

New England Colonies: Agricultural life was difficult due to rocky soil, short growing season, and harsh winters. Farms tended to be small, family farms that grew mainly corn. Many New Englanders made their living by fishing, whaling, merchant sailing, and manufacturing. Most colonists made a living by farming.

1 2 3 NEW FRANCE 4 4 Middle Colonies: 1. New York 2. Pennsylvania 3. New Jersey 4. Delaware

Delaware: Created from piece of Penn. The Middle Colonies were settled mainly for economic reasons. The land was very fertile, so farming was very important. Called the “Bread Basket of the Colonies” because of the huge amount of wheat and corn grown in the area. New York: Originally settled by the Dutch and called New Netherlands. In 1664, the English took it over and renamed it New York. King of England gave colony to his brother, the Duke of York. New Amsterdam renamed New York City. New Jersey: Duke of York gave land to other nobles south of New York. They created colony and called it New Jersey. Pennsylvania: William Penn given charter by King of England to create colony for Quakers. Quakers were Christians who wanted to leave England and come to the New World for religious freedom. Delaware: Created from piece of Penn. FORT ORANGE NEW AMSTERDAM

NEW FRANCE 5 Southern Colonies: 1. Virginia 2. Maryland 3. North Carolina 4. South Carolina 5. Georgia 2 1 3 4 5

The Southern Colonies were created for religious freedom and economic reasons. These colonies had very fertile soil that allowed them to grow crops almost year round. This resulted in the growing of a variety of crops. The most important crops were cash crops such as tobacco. Later on, cotton, rice, and indigo will be grown. These crops required large numbers of farm workers. Southern plantation owners had started using slaves in the mid-1600’s to work the fields. Slaves were a cheap source of labor. Virginia: The Virginia colony started with Jamestown in 1607. Became successful due to tobacco as a cash crop. Maryland: Created as a place for Roman Catholics to go to practice religious freedom. North and South Carolinas: Created by English nobles for the purpose of growing tobacco, indigo, and rice. Georgia: Created by James Oglethorpe as a place for debtors to go and start a new life. Most colonists living in the American Colonies were English. They came to the colonies in search of a better life. They wanted to own their own land, practice their religion freely, and create a better life. When they came to the colonies, they brought the English culture with them. This include the English language, English customs and traditions, English laws, and ideas about government. In all of the colonies, most colonists made a living by farming.

By the 1700’s, the American colonies were becoming very wealthy due to the natural resources found here and the manufactured goods being produced. England wanted to take advantage of the natural resources. They began treating the colonies, not as equals, but as a source of materials. England began to follow a policy of Mercantilism. MERCANTILISM: System of trade based on colonies and desire for wealth. -Colonies supplied home country with natural resources. -Colonies bought finished goods from home country. England passed laws to control colonial trade. Navigation Acts: 1660’s -Laws passed by Parliament to control trade with the colonies. -Colonists angry with laws. Allowed England to control colonies.