Work and motivation Unit 2

Why is it important for a business to keep its workers motivated? Think about the following: Productivity Quality of work Loyalty to employer

Why is it important for a business to keep its workers motivated? Higher profit More productive Motivated worker HIGHER PROFIT More customers Better service Loyal to company http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/business/people/motivationrev1.shtml Experienced workers Lower training costs

Maslow’s Pyramid of Needs

Reading: Theory X and theory Y Find words or phrases that mean: Overseeing workers Pay rise, bonus The opposite of threaten Supervising, controlling workers, telling them what to do Monetary incentive Reward

What do you think these mean? Explain!

Finish the sentences: The X and Y Theory is a theory about … Theory X Theory Y Workers are... To make sure that workers do their job properly, a manager has to ... There are 2 ways to motivate workers:... Traditionally Theory X is applied to ... People ... To motivate employees, a manager has to ... Theory Y is more applicable to ... Theory Y cannot simply replace Theory X, because ...

McGregor’s X and Y Theory & Maslow’s Pyramid of Needs Explain: “Theory X relates to the basic ‘lower order ‘ needs ..., while Theory Y relates to ‘higher order’ needs ... that can be pursued if basic needs are satisfied.”

McGregor’s X and Y Theory & Maslow’s Pyramid of Needs Higher order needs: Theory Y Lower order needs: Theory X

Group the following into Maslow’s 5 categories. Job security safe working conditions team work how others see us at work status symbols like cars, offices and new job titles achieving your full potential challenging job a fair wage, a meal and rest facilities order, direction social facilities like a club or sports pitch allowing staff to gain qualifications at work promotion breaks

Maslow’s pyramid of needs at the workplace Physiological needs A fair wage, a meal and rest facilities, breaks. Safety needs Job security, safe working conditions, order, direction Social needs team work, social facilities like a club or sports pitch Esteem needs how others see us at work, status symbols like cars, offices and new job titles. Allowing staff to gain qualifications at work, promotion Self-actualisation Achieving your full potential, promotion, challenging job http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/business/people/motivationrev2.shtml

Why did Maslow later criticise Theory Y? What do weak and vulnerable people need? How does Maslow’s pyramid help you understand the criticism of Theory Y?

Company structures and theories of motivation. Which company structures best suit Theory X? Theory Y? What would you do to try to motivate subordinates who did not want to take responsibilities at work, and who had uninteresting, repetitive jobs?

Influence the context of work Help employees’ psychological growth List hygiene factors and motivators from the text Where would you put these in Maslow’s pyramid? Hygiene factors Influence the context of work Good labour relations Good working conditions Good wage or salary Job security Job safety Benefits Motivators Help employees’ psychological growth A challenging, interesting, creative job Responsibility Recognition Promotion

Maslow’s Pyramid of Needs & Herzberg’s Motivation-Hygiene Theory Motivators Hygene factors

Show the differences between Maslow’s and Herzberg’s theories Explain: “Hygiene factors do not motivate workers, they are merely dissatisfiers where they do not exist. A reward once given becomes a right.” Choose the correct word: Hygiene Factors can motivate/demotivate when not present. They are/are not creators of job satisfaction. Motivators will motivate/demotivate when present. They are/are not creators of job satisfaction.

Tasks Comprehension (p. 17) Vocabulary (p. 18) Case study (p. 19)

HW RB, p. 40 Read the text and answer the question on the top of the page.