© 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drugs Chapter 11

© 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. Health Goal #51: I Will Follow Guidelines for the Safe Use of Prescription and OTC Drugs A drug is a substance other than food which changes the way the body or mind functions It Responsible drug use is the correct use of legal drugs to promote health and well-being Drug misuse is the incorrect use of a prescription and/or OTC drug Drug abuse is the intentional use of a drug without medical or health reasons

© 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. Ways Drugs Enter the Body 1.Orally 2.Injection 3.Inhalation 4.Absorption Mood, weight, age, or health status will alter effects of drugs

© 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. OTC Drug Guidelines Children and adolescents should obtain permission from parents to take an OTC drug Ask a pharmacist or physician questions about the use of an OTC drug Do not take more than the recommended dose Never take an OTC if having a condition listed under contraindications Stop using the OTC drug and notify a physician if experiencing unwanted side effects Do not take more than one OTC drug at a time without telling a pharmacist or physician Do not participate in risky activities while taking an OTC drug that can cause drowsiness Medicine obtained without a prescription

© 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. Health Goal #52: I Will Not Drink Alcohol Alcohol is a drug that depresses the CNS The term “proof” is a measure of alcohol content in a beverage (double the percentage of alcohol)

© 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. Age – Who’s Drinking (ever)

© 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. Update on Healthy People 2010 Goal no. 26-9c To increase the number of high school seniors who have never consumed alcohol from 19% to 29%. The current rate is 28%.

© 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. Dependency

© 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. Drinking and Smoking

© 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. Alcohol Use by Age and Gender

© 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. How does California Compare?

© 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. US teens compared to European teens

© 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. Factors Affecting BAC 1.Amount consumed 2.Rate of consumption 3.Body weight 4.Body fat % 5.Gender 6.Food eaten 7.Presence of other drugs 8.Age 9.Carbonation Amount of alcohol in a person’s bloodstream

© 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. Dangers of Binge-Drinking and Hazing Binge drinking -five drinks or more for men, four drinks for women BAC rises quickly to dangerous levels and is often used to promote hazing activities Goal No a To increase the number of high school seniors who have not binge drank in the past 2 weeks from 32% to 11%. The rate now is 26%.

© 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. Effects of Alcohol on the Body

© 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. Effects of Alcohol During Pregnancy Miscarriage Stillbirth Low birth weight FAS (fetal alcohol syndrome)

© 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. Alcohol Effects on Decision Making False sense of confidence Impaired judgment Feelings of invincibility Giving in to negative peer pressure Intensified sexual feelings and impaired reasoning Impaired reaction time and coordination Aggressive behavior Intensified emotions Drinking adversely affects thinking and decision making in many ways

© 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. Alcoholism Alcoholism - physical and psychological dependence on alcohol Denial - refusing to admit the problem Delirium tremens - a severe form of alcohol withdrawal syndrome in which there are hallucinations and muscle convulsions

© 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. Health Goal #53: I Will Avoid Tobacco Use and Secondhand Smoke Nicotine is a stimulant It dulls the taste buds, constricts blood vessels, increases heart rate and blood pressure

© 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. Tobacco Products Containing Nicotine Cigarettes Bidi Cloves Cigars Snuff

© 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. Update on Healthy People 2010 Goal No.27-1a To decrease the number of adults who smoke from 24% to 12%. Current percentage is 20%. Goal No. 27-2a To decrease tobacco use amongst 9-12 graders from 40% to 21%. The current percentage is 26%. Goal No. 27-4a To increase the avg. age of first tobacco use from 14.7 to Currently the avg. age is 15.0.

© 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. Smokers are more likely to drink alcohol and use illegal drugs

© 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. Health Consequences of Smoking Cancer Respiratory diseases Cardiovascular diseases Accidents

© 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. Health Consequences of Breathing Secondhand Smoke Sidestream mainstream Goal no To decrease exposure to environmental smoke from 84% to 56%. The current rate is 44%. Goal No To decrease exposure to tobacco smoke at home amongst children younger than 6 from 20% to 6%. The current percentage is 8%.

© 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. Health Consequences of Smokeless Tobacco Nicotine dependence Harmful chemicals Cancer Gum and teeth problems Dulled senses

© 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. Quitting Tobacco Use Nicotine patch Nicotine gum Nicotine inhaler Nicotine spray Anti-depressants Support group/ programs

© 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. Health Goal #54: I Will Not Be Involved in Illegal Drug Use Illegal drug use is the use of a controlled drug without a prescription

© 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. Update on Healthy People 2010 Goal No To decrease the number of drug-induced deaths from 6.8/100,000 to 1.2 per 100,000. The current rate is 11.3 deaths per 100,000 people. Goal No. 26-9d To increase the number of high school seniors who have never used illicit drugs from 46% to 56%. The current rate is 53%.

© 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. Update Healthy People 2010 Goal No a To increase the number of adolescents (12017 y.o) who have not used alcohol or illicit drugs in the past 30 days from 78% to 90%. The rate now is at 80%.

© 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. Stimulants speed up the CNS Types –Cocaine –Amphetamines –Ephedrine –MDMA (ecstasy) –Caffeine

© 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. Sedatives - Hypnotics Group of drugs that depress the activities of the central nervous system Sedatives calm a person’s behavior Hypnotics produces drowsiness Types –GHB –Tranquilizers

© 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. Narcotics slow down the central nervous system Analgyesics are drugs that relieves pain Types –Morphine –Codeine –Heroin

© 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. Hallucinogens/Psychedelics Group of drugs that interfere with senses and cause hallucinations Types –LSD –PCP –Ketamine

© 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. Marijuana – Cannabis Plant Containing THC Types –Hashish –Marijuana

© 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. Inhalants Chemicals that affects moods and behavior when inhaled Types –Household chemicals or products Goal No To decrease the number of adolescents (12- 17) who use inhalants from 4.4% to 2.2%. The current rate is 3.9%.

© 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. Health Goal #55: I Will Avoid Risk Factors and Practice Protective Factors for Drug Misuse and Abuse Lacking self-respect Being unable to express emotions in healthful manners Having friends who use drugs Being unable to delay gratification Having access to drugs Being rejected by peers Having a biological family member who is drug-dependent Having difficult family relationships Having role models who use drugs Using drugs early in life Doing poorly in school and/or having a learning disability Being uninvolved in school activities and athletics Lacking respect for authority and laws Risk Factors

© 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. Drug Dependence Drug dependence - continued use of a drug even though it harms the body, mind, and relationships Physical dependence - tolerance to a drug Tolerance is a condition in which the body becomes accustomed to a substance Withdrawal symptoms - unpleasant reactions that occur when a person who is physically dependent on a drug no longer takes it Psychological dependence - strong desire to continue using a drug for emotional reasons

© 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights reserved. Health Goal #58: I Will Choose a Drug-Free Lifestyle to Reduce the Risk of HIV Infection and Unwanted Pregnancy There are 4 reasons why teens who use drugs increase the risk of HIV infection: –may not practice abstinence from sex –increase their risk for committing rape or being raped –drug-dependency encourages sex as a way of getting drugs –injection drug use might share a needle