North and South Chapter 14 Text

Bell Ringer Use the timeline and map on 406-407. What effects did the cotton gin have? Who patented the telegraph? Name three industries in the North. What were some of the major agricultural products in the South?

Bell Ringer Turn to page 420. Look at the Cotton Production and Slavery graphs. Answer the “Graph Skills” questions.

New Inventions Cause: Elias Howe patented the sewing machine. Effect: Workers could produce clothing much faster. Cause: John Deere developed the light-weight steel plow. Effect: Faster moving horses could pull the plow. New Inventions

New Inventions Cause: Samuel F. B. Morse patented the telegraph. Effect: News could travel to different parts of the country in a few minutes. Cause: An English family developed the steam- powered locomotive. Effect: The locomotive could travel at thirty miles per hour. New Inventions

New Inventions and the Northern Economy Cause: By the 1850s, the North had thousands of miles of railroad track. Effect: Railroads connected far off places and increased commerce in the US. Cause: American clipper ships were developed in the 1840s. Effect: The United States’ international commerce increased. New Inventions and the Northern Economy

New Inventions and the Northern Economy Cause: Northern factories began using steam power instead of water power. Effect: Factories could be built anywhere. Effect (2): The new machines lowered production costs. New Inventions and the Northern Economy

Cotton Kingdom in the South Cause Effect -The South could grow enough cotton to meet demand -Removing cotton seeds by hand was a very slow process -Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin that could separate seeds from the fibers -The cotton gin led to a boom in cotton production and a boom in northern industries -Planters had to find new land to cultivate -Slavery spread further throughout the South -The South was an agricultural society and slaves bought few goods -Demand for manufactured goods in the South was not as great as in the North -Southern industry remained small -The South depended on the North and Europe for most of its manufactured goods

Bell Ringer for Monday Turn to page 425. Look at the Southern Society in 1860 chart. Answer the questions under “Graphic Organizer Skills.” Bell Ringer for Monday

North South -Factory owners -Artisans-skilled workers -Business owners Whites -Factory owners -Artisans-skilled workers -Business owners -Factory workers -Wealthy planter-owned more than 20 slaves -Small farmer-about 75% of white society -Poor farmer-rented land they worked Working conditions -Long hours -Families worked together -Dangerous machines -Varied by plantation -Slaves worked up to 16 hours per day -Small farmers worked along with their slaves Efforts to improve conditions/resistance -Trade unions formed -Strikes -Women treated different from men -Slaves broke tools, destroyed crops, and stole food -Slaves tried to escape African Americans -Could not vote -No equal rights -Some were successful -Faced slave codes-could not: -Gather in grps. of more than 3 -Own guns -Learn to read or write

Bell Ringer for Tuesday Turn to page 440. Read An American Profile- Frederick Douglass. Answer the question with the reading. Bell Ringer for Tuesday

Immigrants moved to the US from England, Ireland, and Germany Nativists wanted to preserve the US for native born, white citizens Nativists: Thought immigrants “stole” lower paying jobs and created more crimes Distrusted Irish Catholics The Know-Nothing Party formed to oppose Catholics and immigrants Text

Reforms, Abolition, and Women’s Rights Chapter 15

Hospital and Prison Reforms Men, women, and children were crammed together Debtors were kept in prison Dorothea Dix called for reforms: The mentally ill were put in hospitals New prisons built Cruel punishments banned Debtors not treated as criminals

Temperance Alcohol was available in many places Women led the way in reforms Some groups urged people to drink less Some states banned the sale of alcohol

Education Reforms MA was the first state with free public education States built new schools and made school year longer By the 1850s, most northern states had free elementary schools Some African Americans founded schools for themselves Some people opened schools for students with disabilities

Abolition Quakers taught that slavery was evil Abolitionists wanted to end slavery Frederick Douglass-escaped slavery and founded an anti-slavery newspaper=North Star William Lloyd Garrison-white abolitionist who published an influential paper=The Liberator

Bell Ringer for Wednesday Identify the following: John Deere Eli Whitney Know-Nothing Party Frederick Douglass William Lloyd Garrison

The Underground Railroad Network of routes, homes, and churches used to help slaves escape to the North Harriet Tubman-escaped slave who helped more than 300 slaves escape

Reasons for Opposing Abolition North South Some feared losing southern cotton Slave owners claimed slaves were better off than factory workers Workers feared free African Americans would take their jobs Southerners believed slavery was essential to the economy

Keys in Women’s Rights Elizabeth Cady Stanton -She helped organize the Seneca Falls Convention Susan B. Anthony -Traveled across the US speaking out for women’s rights Seneca Falls Convention -In NY, began the women’s rights movement -Called for equality at work, school, and church New Education Opportunities -New schools opened -Some colleges began admitting women