1. Reformers & Abolitionists
Calls for freedom for slaves and women led to more tension between Northerners and Southerners
GOAL #8

2. Southern Society (1850) “Slavocracy” [plantation owners]
6,000,000
The “Plain Folk” [white yeoman farmers]
Black Freemen
250,000
Black Slaves 3,200,000
Total US Population  23,000,000 [9,250,000 in the South = 40%]

3. I. Abolitionist Movement
1816 – A. AMERICAN COLONIZATION SOCIETY
1. Raised $ to buy slaves and gradually send to Africa
2. Country of Liberia founded in 1847
wanted gradual, voluntary freedom for all slaves

4. B. David Walker - free African-
American in Boston wrote pamphlet
urging slaves to fight for their
freedom rather than waiting to be
set free by whites
1829  Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World
“Some of you whites on the continent of America
will yet curse the day you ever were born. You want slaves and want us for your slaves. My colour
will yet, root some of you out of the very face of the Earth!!”

5. Southern Abolitionists – C. Grimke sisters
1. 2 sisters who set
their slaves free, moved
North to join
anti-slavery movement
Angelina Grimké
Sarah Grimké

6. Anti- Slavery Pamphlets

7. D. William Lloyd Garrison (1801-1879)
1. Antislavery newspaper (1831) a.”The Liberator” – almost killed by mob
2. Wanted immediate freedom for ALL slaves
R2-4

8. E. Frederick Douglass (1817-1895) – escaped slave
1845  book -The Narrative of the Life Of Frederick Douglass
1847  newspaper -“The North Star”
R2-12

9. F. Sojourner Truth (1787-1883) Escaped slave- became preacher
Truth is powerful
and it prevails.
-Sojourner Truth
1850  Book -The Narrative of Sojourner Truth – told of experiences as a slave
R2-10

10. II. Opposition to Abolitionist Movement
A. Viewed as a radical idea, even in the North – feared escaped slaves would take jobs away from whites
Became more & more dangerous to speak out
Printing presses destroyed
Some Abolitionists killed

11. III. Underground Railroad
Thousands of slaves escaped using the Underground Railroad – A. a system of paths which led to the northern states & Canada
Some people sheltered and helped the escaping slaves
Others tried to catch the fleeing slaves for the reward money

12. The Underground Railroad

13. The Underground Railroad
“Conductor” ==== leader of the escape
“Passengers” ==== escaping slaves
“Tracks” ==== routes
“Trains” ==== farm wagons transporting the escaping slaves
“Depots” ==== safe houses to rest/sleep

14. B. Harriet Tubman (1820-1913) “Moses”
1. Helped over 300 slaves to freedom.
$40,000 bounty on her head.
Served as a Union spy during the Civil War.
I had reasoned this out in my mind,
there was one of two things
I had a right to,
liberty or death;
if I could not have one,
I would have the other.
Harriet Tubman
“Moses”

15. Leading Escaping Slaves Along the Underground Railroad

17. Elizabeth Cady Stanton
IV. Women’s Rights – A. Women active in abolition movement began demanding equal rights
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Sojourner Truth
Lucretia Mott
Susan B. Anthony
B. Seneca Falls Convention, NY 1848 – 1. Declaration of
Sentiments
“All men AND women are created equal”
2. Pushed for suffrage a. right to vote

18. Early 19c Women Unable to vote. Legal status of a minor.
Single  could own her own property.
Married  no control over her property or her children.
Could not initiate divorce.
Couldn’t make wills, sign a contract, or bring suit in court without her husband’s permission.